Source provenance

Shah, S.M.I. (2009). Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Memoir Vol. 22.

Cited by 214 units (206 published) · 35 field-level citations · 201 revision notes.

Full-text (user-supplied OCR of GSP Memoir 22). The definitional lexicon authority: unit author/introducer + year, type locality / type section (many with coordinates), formal nomenclature and synonymy, type-section thickness, contacts and age. Staged extraction in enrichment/imports/shah-2009-extract.json (not yet applied). Registered for the Kadri (1995) + Shah (2009) reconciliation. Distinct from Shah (1977) GSP Memoir 12 (gsp-shah-1977).

This page is the reverse of each unit's per-field citations — it shows exactly what this reference supports, making the dataset's “no source, no fact” rule browsable both ways.

Units citing this source

• Paleozoic Abbottabad Formation Cambrian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Aghil Limestone Triassic–Jurassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Ailak Formation Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Ali Masjid Formation Devonian–Carboniferous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Alozai Group Jurassic

  Listed as a corroborating source for this unit.

• Paleozoic Alpurai Group
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Ambar Formation Cambrian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Anjira Formation Jurassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Arkari Formation Permian–Jurassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22, which describes it as Arkari formation (Leake et al. 1989; Chitral / Lutkho Valley, Karakoram-Hindukush). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Asianwala Formation Precambrian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Asianwala quartzite'.
• Paleozoic Baghanwala Formation Cambrian
  Introduced by
• Cenozoic Bahadurkhel Salt Paleogene
  Introduced by
• Precambrian Baltit Group Precambrian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Bampokha Group
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Banna Formation Precambrian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Banna and Landai formations'.
• Cenozoic Bara Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Baroghil Group Ordovician–Silurian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Barum Formation Paleozoic (undifferentiated)
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Baska Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Bauma Harel Formation Cretaceous–Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Bauma Harel schist'.
• Mesozoic Bdongo-La Formation Jurassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Bela Ophiolite Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Bela volcanic group'.
• Precambrian Besham Group Archean-Paleoproterozoic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Borom Formation Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Bostan Formation Quaternary
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents as 'Bostan formation'). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Bugti Formation Paleogene-Neogene
  FossilsIntroduced by
  • Introduced by: Author/introducer from Shah (2009), GSP Memoir 22.
• Precambrian Chak 102 Conglomerate Precambrian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22, which describes it as Sharaban conglomerate (Alam 1987; Shah names this unit "Sharaban conglomerate"). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Chak Jabbi Limestone Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Chalt Formation Carboniferous–Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Chalt schist'.
• Paleozoic Chapursan Group Permian–Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Chashmai Formation Paleogene
  • Synonyms: Removed the stray synonym 'Chashmai Kharsai': that is a separate Early Cretaceous belemnite shale of North Waziristan (Ahmed et al. 2000), now recorded as the distinct Chashmai Kharsai Formation. The Eocene Chashmai Formation is unrelated.
• Mesozoic Chashmai Kharsai Formation Cretaceous
  AgeEpochLithologyIntroduced byFossils
• Cenozoic Chatti Formation Neogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22, which describes it as the Chatti mudstone member, upper member of the Hinglaj Formation (adopted from Hunting Survey 1961). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Chichali Formation Jurassic-Cretaceous
  Coordinates
  • Coordinates: Reviewer confirmed the Chichali Pass type-section coordinate as 33 deg 00' 11" N, 71 deg 24' 15" E (33.0031, 71.4042), superseding the approximate osm-gazetteer value (33.008, 71.407). This resolves the reconciliation cross-check flag: Shah (2009) prints the type section as 33 deg 01' N, 70 deg 25' E, but the longitude is an OCR misread of 71 deg 24' E — the ~1 deg discrepancy was in the OCR, not the dataset. A separate Wikipedia value (33 deg 49' N, 72 deg 04' E, near Attock/Kala Chitta) was reviewed and rejected as a non-type exposure ~110 km north of the type section. The corresponding author independently re-confirmed the 71.4042 longitude against Google Maps (2026-07-17), definitively closing the reconciliation cross-check flag.
• Paleozoic Chikar Formation Cambrian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Chikar quartzite'.
• Mesozoic Chikchi-ri Shale Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Chilas Complex Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Chilmarabad Formation Devonian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Chinji Formation Neogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee's compiled lexicon. Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Quaternary Dada Formation Quaternary
  • Synonyms: Shah (2009) folds the 'Dada conglomerate' (Hunting Survey 1961) into the Lei Conglomerate. Kept separate here: distinct Quetta/Kirthar province and ~1000 m thickness (vs 100-300 m for the northern Lei), and treated as a distinct unit by USGS OFR 94-689.
• Paleozoic Dandot Formation Permian
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): max ~50 m in Makrach Valley; well developed eastern Salt Range, thins westward; absent western Salt Range & Khisor Range. Type locality: near Dandot Village, eastern Salt Range. Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Mesozoic Darband Formation Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Darkot Group Carboniferous–Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Darwaza Formation
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Datta Formation Jurassic
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): 212 m at type locality; 230 m Punnu Nala; >400 m Sheikh Badin Hills; 150 m Nammal Gorge; 272 m western Samana; 6 m Kala Chitta; 0–10 m Hazara. Type locality: Datta Nala, District Mianwali (principal reference of the Surghar/Broach Group). Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Cenozoic Dir Group Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Domanda Formation Paleogene
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): 130 m near Domanda; 220 m N of Nili Kach; 150 m NW of Jandola; 180–330 m Safed Koh; 300 m Drug/Mughal Kot. Type locality: near Domanda, Sulaiman Province. Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Cenozoic Drazinda Formation Paleogene
  Coordinates
  • Coordinates: Reviewer-confirmed Shah (2009) type locality near Drazinda village, Dera Ismail Khan / Sulaiman foothills (31 deg 46' N, 70 deg 09' E) = 31.7667, 70.1500.
• Mesozoic Drosh Formation Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Drug Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Dumordo Formation Carboniferous–Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Dumordo group'.
• Cenozoic Dungan Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee's compiled lexicon. Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Fort Munro Formation Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Fort Munro Group Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Fort Munro Formation'.
• Cenozoic Gaj Formation Neogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee's compiled lexicon. Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Ganchen Formation Devonian–Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Gandaf Formation Proterozoic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Gawuch Formation Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Gharil Formation Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Ghazij Group Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Gilgit Formation Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Gircha Formation Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Goru Formation Cretaceous
  Coordinates
  • Coordinates: Reviewer-confirmed coordinate (27.802397, 66.831371) for the Goru Formation type section near Goru Village on the Nar River, southern Kirthar Range; refines Shah's (2009) published type section (27 deg 50' N, 66 deg 54' E).
• Paleozoic Gum Formation Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Gurguri Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Gurguri sandstone'.
• Quaternary Gwadar Formation Quaternary
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents as 'Gwadar formation'). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Gwal Formation Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Habib Rahi Formation Paleogene
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): 15–60 m. Type locality: reference section: Fort Sandeman–D.I. Khan road, N of Zam Post. Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Precambrian Hachi Volcanic Group Neoproterozoic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Hachi group'.
• Precambrian Hadda Quartzite Precambrian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Hangu Formation Paleogene
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): average ~50 m. Type locality: Fort Lockhart (type section); principal reference at Dhak Pass, Salt Range. Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Quaternary Haro Conglomerate Formation Quaternary
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents as 'Haro conglomerate'). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Hazara Formation Neoproterozoic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Hazira Formation Cambrian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Hinglaj Formation Neogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents as 'Hinglaj formation'). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Hisartang Formation Ordovician
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Humai Formation Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Inzari Limestone Devonian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Isha Formation Jurassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Jafar Kandao Formation Devonian–Carboniferous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Jaglot Group Jurassic–Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Jatta Gypsum Paleogene
  Introduced by
• Cenozoic Jiwani Formation Quaternary
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents as 'Jiwani formation'). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Jobra Formation Ordovician
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Kaghan Group under review
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Kamerod Formation Quaternary
  • Synonyms: Shah (2009) uses 'Kamerod' only as the principal reference section of the Bostan Formation. Kept separate here: our Kamerod Formation (Malkani) is a fluvial conglomerate/sandstone of Chagai, lithologically unlike Shah's lacustrine gypsiferous Bostan - a name/concept collision, not a synonym.
• Cenozoic Kamlial Formation Neogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee's compiled lexicon. Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Karora Formation
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Karora group'.
• Mesozoic Kashala Formation Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Kathwai Member Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22, which describes it as Kathwai Member of the Mianwali Formation (Kummel 1966). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Katzarah Formation Cretaceous–Paleogene under review
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Kawagarh Formation Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee's compiled lexicon. Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Khadro Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Khanozai Group Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Kharan Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Kharari Formation Triassic-Jurassic
  Introduced by
• Cenozoic Khaskheli Basalt Formation Cretaceous-Paleogene
  Introduced by
• Mesozoic Khatkiara Sandstone Member Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22, which describes it as Khatkiara Member, upper member of the Tredian Formation (Danilchik & Shah 1967). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Khewra Sandstone Cambrian
  Introduced by
• Paleozoic Khisor Formation Cambrian
  Introduced by
• Cenozoic Khojak Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents as 'Khojak formation'). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Khyber Limestone Carboniferous–Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22, which describes it as Khyber limestone (Stauffer 1968; type section near Ali Masjid, Khyber Pass). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Kingriali Formation Triassic
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): 76–106 m; 91 m in the Kala Chitta Range. Type locality: Kingriali Peak, Khisor Range (good sections at Zaluch Nala, Landa Nala, Tapan Wahan, Gori Tang Nala). Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Precambrian Kirana Group Neoproterozoic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Kirthar Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Kishar Formation Paleoproterozoic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Kohat Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee's compiled lexicon. Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Krinj Limestone Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Kuldana Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee's compiled lexicon. Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Kundil Formation Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Kussak Formation Cambrian
  Introduced by
• Cenozoic Lakhra Formation Paleogene
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): 242 m at type section; 135 m northern flank; 50 m at Bara Nai. Type locality: Lakhra-Bholari section, southern flank of the Lakhra anticline, Laki Range. Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Cenozoic Laki Formation Paleogene
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): ~240 m at Bara Nai and type locality; >600 m at Tatti; 468 m subsurface at Sui. Type locality: Mari Nai (type locality). Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Mesozoic Landa Member Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22, which describes it as Landa Member (Kummel 1966; lower member of the Tredian Formation). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Landai Formation Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Landikotal Formation Ordovician–Silurian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Lashkargaz Formation Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Quaternary Lei Conglomerate Quaternary
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents as 'Lei Conglomerate'). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Lockhart Limestone Paleogene
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): ~66 m. Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Mesozoic Loralai Formation Jurassic
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): 250 m Zamari Tangi; 360 m Mara Tangi; 150 m Tazi Kach. Type locality: Zamari Tangi (proposed type locality). Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Mesozoic Lumshiwal Formation Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee's compiled lexicon. Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Lun Shale Silurian–Devonian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Lupghar Formation Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Lupsuk Formation Carboniferous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Machh Super Group Precambrian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22, which describes it as Machh Super Group (Chaudhry et al. 1999; discussed in Shah 2009). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Malikhore Formation Jurassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Manki Formation Precambrian
  Age
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Margach Formation Devonian–Carboniferous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Margala Hill Limestone Paleogene
  AgeLithologyThicknessType localityEconomic importanceFossilsCoordinates
• Mesozoic Marsikhel Formation Cretaceous
  Introduced by
• Mesozoic Mazar Drik Formation Jurassic
  Fossils
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Mazar Drik Member'.
• Mesozoic Mianwali Formation Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee's compiled lexicon. Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Mittiwali Member Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22, which describes it as Mittiwali Member of the Mianwali Formation (Kummel 1966). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Mona Jhal Group Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Moro Formation Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Mughal Kot Formation Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee's compiled lexicon. Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Murree Formation Neogene
  Introduced byCoordinates
  • Coordinates: Reviewer-confirmed coordinate (33.417255, 72.569802) for the Murree Formation type section north of Dhok Maiki, Attock District; refines Shah's (2009) published type section (33 deg 25' N, 72 deg 35' E).
• Mesozoic Musakhel Group Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Nagarparkar Igneous Complex Neoproterozoic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Nagar Parkar igneous complex'.
• Cenozoic Nagri Formation Neogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee's compiled lexicon. Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Nammal Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Naran Formation under review
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22, which describes it as Naran formation / "Naran garnetiferous calc-pelites" (Greco et al. 1993; Kaghan Valley). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Nari Formation Paleogene
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): Gaj Group: ~660 m type locality; 1700 m Gaj River; 1200–2400 m Mazarani-Miangun; 90–450 m Sulaiman. Type locality: Gaj River area (Gaj Group type locality ~660 m). Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Mesozoic Narmia Member Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22, which describes it as Narmia Member of the Mianwali Formation (Kummel 1966). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Nikanai Ghar Formation Triassic under review
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22, which describes it as Nikanai (Ghar) Formation (Ahmad et al. 1987; type section in the Nikanai Ghar Mountain, southern Swat). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Nilawahan Group Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Nisai Limestone Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Nisai formation'.
• Paleozoic Nowshera Formation Devonian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Ormara Formation Neogene
  • Synonyms: Shah (2009) synonymises the Ormara Formation into the Gwadar Formation (preferring the name Gwadar). Kept as a distinct unit here: Ormara overlies Gwadar with a younger (Middle Pleistocene) age, following Hunting Survey (1961) and modern Makran usage.
• Mesozoic Pab Sandstone Cretaceous
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): 490 m at type section; >600 m S/W of Khuzdar; 450 m Fort Munro anticline; ~240 m W of Mughal Kot; pinches out in Marri-Bugti hills. Type locality: 'Somalji trail' west of Wirahab Nai, across the Pab Range, Kirthar Province. Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Paleozoic Panjal Formation Carboniferous–Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Panjal Group Carboniferous–Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Panjal formation'.
• Paleozoic Panjpir Formation Ordovician–Silurian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Panjshah Formation Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Panoba Formation Paleogene
  Coordinates
  • Coordinates: Reviewer-confirmed coordinate (33.6050, 71.9000) for the Panoba Shale, south of Panoba Village, Kohat. This overrides the gazetteer conversion of Shah's (2009) type-section longitude (Shah DMS 33 deg 37' N, 71 deg 35' E); the reviewer places it ~0.3 deg east.
  • Coordinates: Reviewer chose Shah's (2009) published type locality for the Panoba Shale, south of Panoba Village, Kohat (33 deg 37' N, 71 deg 35' E) = 33.6167, 71.5833, superseding the earlier reviewer value of 33.6050, 71.9000.
• Mesozoic Parh Limestone Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee's compiled lexicon. Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Parkini Formation Neogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22, which describes it as the Parkini mudstone member, lower member of the Hinglaj Formation (adopted from Hunting Survey 1961; type section at Parkini Kaur). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Patala Formation Paleogene
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): ~150 m at type locality. Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Paleozoic Pir Sabak Formation Devonian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Pir Sabak formation'.
• Cenozoic Pirkoh Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee's compiled lexicon. Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Purit Formation Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Rakhi Gaj Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents as 'Rakhi Guj Formation'). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Rakhshani Formation Cretaceous–Paleogene
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): 150 m to >1,600 m; >2,400 m south of Rabat (thickest). Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Cenozoic Ranikot Group Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Rawat Formation Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Reshit Formation Jurassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Reshun Formation Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Reshun conglomerate'.
• Paleozoic Ribat Formation Carboniferous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Saidu Formation Triassic–Jurassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Saidu schist'.
• Cenozoic Saindak Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Sakesar Formation Paleogene
  • Coordinates: Reviewer-confirmed Shah (2009) type locality, Sakesar Peak, Salt Range (32 deg 31' N, 71 deg 56' E) = 32.5167, 71.9333.
• Precambrian Salkhala Formation Neoproterozoic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Salt Range Formation Ediacaran
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): >830 m at Khewra Gorge; >2000 m at Dhariala (drilling). Type locality: Khewra Gorge, Salt Range. Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Paleozoic Sardhai Formation Permian
  SynonymsFossils
  • Name: Name corrected from 'Sardhi Formation' (an OCR truncation in the baseline) to 'Sardhai Formation', the spelling used by both Shah (2009) GSP Memoir 22 and Kadri (1995). Same unit: Early Permian Nilawahan Group clay unit, transitional on the Warcha Sandstone and conformable below the Amb Formation / Zaluch Group.
• Mesozoic Sarobi Formation Jurassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Savoia Formation Cretaceous–Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Sembar Formation Cretaceous
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): 133 m at type section; 262 m in the Moghal Kot section; reduced to a few m near Quetta/Ziarat; absent in parts of the Axial Belt and Kirthar Province. Type locality: ~2 km SE of Sembar Pass, Mari-Bugti area, Sulaiman Province. Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Paleozoic Shagai Limestone Silurian–Devonian under review
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Shaheed Ghat Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Shahkot Formation Precambrian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Shaksgam Formation Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Sharaban Group Neoproterozoic under review
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Sharda Group under review
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Shekhai Formation Precambrian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Shirinab Formation Triassic-Jurassic
  Fossils
• Paleozoic Shogram Formation Devonian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Siahan Formation Paleogene
  • Synonyms: Shah (2009) subsumes the 'Siahan shale' (Hunting Survey 1961) into the Khojak Formation. Kept separate here: Siahan is a distinct, thick (2000-4000 m) Makran formation in modern usage (Makran prospectivity 2022).
• Mesozoic Sinjrani Volcanic Group Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Siwalik Group Neogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents as 'Siwalik Group'). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Sohnari Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22, which describes it as Sohnari Member of the Laki Formation (named with a designated type section in Shah 2009). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Spalga Formation Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Spingwar Formation Triassic
  Fossils
• Cenozoic Sui Main Limestone Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee's compiled lexicon. Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Surghar Group Jurassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Precambrian Taguwali Formation Neoproterozoic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Takatu Formation Jurassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Talar Formation Neogene
  • Synonyms: Shah (2009) absorbs the 'Talar sandstone' into the Hinglaj Formation. Kept separate here as a distinct Late Miocene Makran unit (Hunting Survey 1961 and modern usage); Hinglaj's own type thickness is in fact measured at Talar.
• Precambrian Tanawal Formation Neoproterozoic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Thelichi Formation Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Tilgram Formation under review
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Tobra Formation Permian
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): >133 m at Zaluch Nala (western Salt Range, max); ~33 m eastern Salt Range; 0–25 m central Salt Range. Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Cenozoic Toi Formation Paleogene
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Tredian Formation Triassic
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): 38–59 m (Tapan Wahan / Zaluch Nala sections). Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Precambrian Uch Khattak Formation Precambrian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Paleozoic Vidiakot Formation Ordovician
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Cenozoic Vihowa Formation Neogene
  • Synonyms: Shah (2009) designates Vihowa Rud as the type locality of the Chitarwatta Formation; this is a locality coincidence, not synonymy. The Vihowa Formation is kept as a distinct Miocene lower-Siwalik-equivalent unit (Flynn et al. 2005).
• Mesozoic Wirokhun Formation Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Wulgai Formation Triassic
  • Thickness: Type-section thickness (Shah, 2009): 180 m in the Trakai-Gwal section. Recorded from the GSP lexicon (Memoir 22); the existing thickness field is retained.
• Paleozoic Yarkhun Formation Ordovician
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Yashkuk Formation Jurassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Yasin Group Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Zait Limestone Triassic
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Zait formation'.
• Paleozoic Zaluch Group Permian
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.
• Mesozoic Zerghar Formation Cretaceous
  • Introduced by: Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.