Lumshiwal Formation

Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee's compiled lexicon. Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.

Shah, S.M.I. (2009)

Umar et al. (2024, after Kennedy & Fatmi 2014): the Lumshiwal Formation is Aptian–Turonian — a prograding, texturally mature, felsic-sourced deltaic sandstone (foreshore–inner-shelf to prodelta facies) sourced from the Indian Craton. It is transitional above the Chichali Formation and is overlain by the Kawagarh Formation in the Kala Chitta and Hazara ranges (where Kawagarh is developed); it thins out and disappears in the Salt Range.

Umar, M., Kassi, A.M., Jamil, M., Kasi, A.K. & Khan, A.S. (2024)

Sandstone petrography of the Lumshiwal Formation (Samana Range, Hangu) indicates a quartz-rich, recycled-orogen/craton provenance with diagenetic modification, deposited in a shallow-marine to shoreface environment (Khan et al. 2009).

Khan, M. et al. (2009)

Citation re-attributed to the baseline compilation after removing an unverifiable source (reviewer had no full-text access); the fact traces to the GSP baseline.

Malkani, M.S. & Mahmood, Z. (2017)

Citation re-attributed to the baseline compilation after removing an unverifiable source (reviewer had no full-text access); the fact traces to the GSP baseline.

Malkani, M.S. & Mahmood, Z. (2017)

Geocoded (low confidence) from the published type locality "Lumshiwal Nala in the Surghar Range" via public gazetteer (OpenStreetMap / GEOnet Names Server). Named-place point of ~km accuracy for regional screening, not a surveyed section; author-reviewed in the coordinate-verification pass. Basis: Lumshiwal Nala, Surghar Range.

OpenStreetMap contributors and GEOnet Names Server (public geographic gazetteers), used to geolocate named GSP type localities to approximate decimal coordinates.

Calkins et al. (1975): in Hazara the Lumshiwal Sandstone is a 10–50 ft, soft, very calcareous glauconitic quartz sandstone (weathering brownish-orange) with a belemnite-rich 3–5 ft basal interval, grading up (4-ft transition) into the Kawagarh Limestone. Ammonites give a Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age — Virgatosphinctoides and Aulacosphinctoides (Late Jurassic) and Brancoceras, Subthurmannia and Lyelliceras (Early Cretaceous); the Indian equivalent is the Giumal Sandstone.

Calkins, J.A., Offield, T.W., Abdullah, S.K.M. & Ali, S.T. (1975)

Lithofacies/microfacies analysis in the Kala Chitta Range (Qureshi et al., 2006): eight microfacies — glauconitic sandstone, lime mudstone, bioclastic wackestone–packstone, grainstone and floatstone — record shallow-marine to outer-shelf carbonate deposition with intermittent subaerial exposure and condensation; the lower contact with the Chichali Formation is gradational and the upper contact unconformable (Kawagarh Formation in the northern, Lockhart Limestone in the southern Kala Chitta). The formation thins westward (~61.5 m at Dourdad to ~8 m at Chapra) in a wedge-on-wedge relationship with the Chichali Formation; Lower Cretaceous age on ammonite and palynological control.

Qureshi, M.K.A., Masood, K.R., Ghazi, S. & Butt, A.A. (2006)

Asim et al. (2014): the Lumshiwal Formation is one of the proven Mesozoic RESERVOIR rocks in the Central Indus Basin (Drigri Anticline–Bahawalpur High seismic correlation).

Asim, S., Qureshi, S.N., Asif, S.K., Abbasi, S.A., Solangi, S. & Mirza, M.Q. (2014)

Craig et al. (2018): the Cretaceous Lumshiwal Formation is a producing reservoir in the Manzalai, Makori, Mela and Chanda fields (Kohat); the 2016 Tolanj West-1 well (TD 4941 m) flowed 14.51 MMSCFD gas plus 34 bbls condensate from the Lumshiwal. It is also listed (with the Chichali) among the youngest mature Mesozoic source rocks.

Craig, J., Hakhoo, N., Bhat, G.M., Hafiz, M., Khan, M.R., Misra, R., Pandita, S.K., Raina, B.K., Thurow, J., Thusu, B., Ahmed, W. & Khullar, S. (2018)