Paleozoic • Carboniferous–Permian group In GSP lexicon

Panjal Group

Early Permian (~290 Ma)

Northern Indus Suture · Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, Kaghan Nappe And Nosehri Area Of Lower Neelum And Lamnian Area Of Upper Jhelum, Azad Kashmir

Carboniferous–Permian in the time scale →

Cited in 5 sources Last reviewed Jul 18, 2026

Unit summary

Rank: group
Status: Published
Age: Paleozoic · Carboniferous–Permian · Early PermianEarly Permian (~290 Ma)
Named by: Chaudhry et al. (1986)
Type locality: Not recorded
Thickness: Not recorded
Lithology: A thick sequence comprising the Chushal and Panjal formations (agglomeratic slate and Panjal volcanic greenstones).
Synonyms: Not recorded

The Carboniferous–Permian Panjal Group — the Chushal and Panjal formations — of the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis.

Panjal Group is being named by Chaudhry et al. (1986) after the Panjal. This group consists of thick sequence of Chushal and Panjal formations.

Fossils

Not recorded

Contacts

In the Azad Kashmir column

MixedMetamorphicLimestoneFossils recordedUnconformityContact not recorded

Band colour = period; texture = dominant rock type. Lines between bands mark the contact type (wavy = unconformity inferred from a missing period); dotted = no contact recorded in the sources (not a claim of conformity). True scale makes height ∝ recorded thickness; hatched = thickness not recorded. Ages approximate, for ordering.

This unit (highlighted) within its province column; faded ends continue above and below. Line style marks the contact type.

Constituent units

Formations that make up this group, in stratigraphic order (youngest at top, as in the column).

Distribution & setting

Azad Kashmir

Basin: Northern Indus Suture
Region: Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, Kaghan Nappe And Nosehri Area Of Lower Neelum And Lamnian Area Of Upper Jhelum, Azad Kashmir
Depositional environment: Not recorded
Coordinates: Not recorded

Correlation

Not recorded. Compare this unit against other basins on the correlation panel →

Economic significance

Not recorded

Remarks

A group of the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis comprising the Chushal Formation (Late Carboniferous agglomeratic slate) and the Panjal Formation (Carboniferous–Permian volcanics), representing the late-Paleozoic volcanic-and-slate succession of the region.

Research notes (2)

Field-by-field findings drawn from the cited literature. Every statement is traced to a registered source — follow a citation for the full reference.

Name & nomenclature (1)

Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Panjal formation'.

Shah, S.M.I. (2009)

Age & correlation (1)

Corroborated by DiPietro & Pogue (2004, Fig. 3): the Panjal volcanics/metavolcanics are a Permian unit of the Hazara Syntaxis / Kashmir Lesser Himalaya. Consistent with the dataset s Early Permian age.

DiPietro, J.A. & Pogue, K.R. (2004)

Sources (6)

Shellnutt, J. G. et al. (2011). U–Pb zircon ages constrain the Panjal Traps to the Early Permian (~288–289 Ma).
Malkani, M. S. & Mahmood, Z. (2017). Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Memoir of the Geological Survey of Pakistan, Vol. 24.
Malkani, M.S. & Mahmood, Z. (2017). Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Memoir Vol. 24.
Kazmi, A.H. & Jan, M.Q. (1997). Geology and Tectonics of Pakistan. Graphic Publishers, Karachi.
DiPietro, J.A. & Pogue, K.R. (2004). Tectonostratigraphic subdivisions of the Himalaya: A view from the west. Tectonics, 23, TC5001.
Shah, S.M.I. (2009). Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Memoir Vol. 22.

Reviewer confidence: high

Every fact on this page is source-cited. This entry is part of the peer-archived Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset (doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991, CC‑BY‑4.0).

Lexicon status: Name attested in the Shah (1977/2009) Geological Survey of Pakistan compilation — the national stratigraphic lexicon. This records where the name is documented; it is not an endorsement of the unit’s definition, age or figures.

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Cite this unit

APA

Qudsi, L. (2026). Panjal Group. In Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991

BibTeX

@misc{stratigraphypk_panjalgroup,
  author    = {Qudsi, Lareb},
  title     = {{Panjal Group} --- Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.21363991},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991}
}

Archived dataset: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991 (CC‑BY‑4.0) · Direct link to this entry: https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/panjal-group (accessed October 29, 2026).

To cite the unit's original definition instead, see: Chaudhry et al. (1986).