Precambrian • Neoproterozoic group In GSP lexicon

Hachi Volcanic Group

Neoproterozoic

Indo-Pakistan Shield

Cited in 6 sources Last reviewed Jul 31, 2026

Unit summary

Rank: group
Status: Published
Age: Precambrian · NeoproterozoicNeoproterozoic
Named by: Shah (2009) (after the Hachi volcanics, Alam 1987)
Type locality: Hachi hill, north of Sikhanwali (Kirana Hills)31.9025°N, 72.7000°E
Thickness: Not recorded
Lithology: Quartzite, slates, phyllite, tuffs and lava flows (the Hachi volcanics).
Synonyms: Hachi Group; Hachi Volcanics

Precambrian arc volcanics and metasediments of the Kirana Hills basement (the Hachi volcanics).

The Hachi Volcanic Group was named by Shah (2009) after the Hachi volcanics (Alam 1987), which take their name from Hachi hill north of Sikhanwali Railway Station. In general the group consists of quartzite, slates, phyllite, tuffs and lava flows. It occurs in the Kirana area, where the Kirana Complex (named after the Kirana hills and exposed near Sargodha, Chiniot, Shahkot and the Shangla hills) was introduced as the Kirana Group by Kazmi (1964), dated by Rb/Sr by Davies and Crawford (1971), and divided by Alam et al. (1992) into the Kirana and Sharban groups.

Fossils

Not recorded

Contacts

In the Indo-Pakistan Shield column

IgneousMetamorphicContact not recorded

Band colour = period; texture = dominant rock type. Lines between bands mark the contact type; dotted = no contact recorded in the sources (not a claim of conformity). True scale makes height ∝ recorded thickness; hatched = thickness not recorded. Ages approximate, for ordering.

This unit (highlighted) within its province column; faded ends continue above and below. Line style marks the contact type.

Constituent units

Formations that make up this group, in stratigraphic order (youngest at top, as in the column).

Distribution & setting

Indo-Pakistan Shield

Basin: Indo-Pakistan Shield
Region: Not recorded
Depositional environment: volcanic-arc, metamorphic
Coordinates: 31.9025°N, 72.7000°E

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Correlation

Not recorded. Compare this unit against other basins on the correlation panel →

Economic significance

Not recorded

Remarks

A metavolcanic–metasedimentary group of the Precambrian Kirana Complex; with the Kirana and Sharban groups it makes up the exposed Indian-shield basement of the Sargodha–Chiniot–Shahkot area (an Rb–Sr age was obtained by Davies & Crawford 1971).

Research notes (4)

Field-by-field findings drawn from the cited literature. Every statement is traced to a registered source — follow a citation for the full reference.

Name & nomenclature (1)

Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation. Shah lists this unit as 'Hachi group'.

Shah, S.M.I. (2009)

Age & correlation (1)

Kazmi & Jan (1997): the book names this the 'Hachi Formation' (not 'Hachi Volcanic Group') — the first of the five formations (Hachi, Taguwali, Asianwala, Hadda, Sharaban; Alam 1983) of the Precambrian Kirana Group (>2,330 m of phyllite, slate, quartzite and bimodal volcanics; Rb-Sr 870 ± 40 Ma) in the Kirana Hills. No per-formation lithology/age is given; the DB 'Volcanic Group' rank should be reviewed.

Kazmi, A.H. & Jan, M.Q. (1997)

Constituent units (1)

Revised Kirana Complex scheme (Chaudhry, Ahsan & Rehman 2022, Table 4): the Hachi Volcanic Group comprises the Buland Hill Formation over the Wad Sayyidan Formation.

Chaudhry, M.N., Ahsan, N. & Rehman, S.U. (2022)

Geological significance (1)

Kazmi & Abbasi (2008) CORROBORATES the rank flag: the book names this the 'Hachi Formation' — one of the Kirana Group formations (Asianwala/Taguwali/Hachi; Alam et al. 1992; type at Hachi Hill, N of Sikhanwali) of quartzites, slates, phyllites, tuffs and lava flows, the oldest formation exposed in the Kirana Hills — NOT a 'Hachi Volcanic Group'. The DB name 'Hachi Volcanic Group' should be corrected to 'Hachi Formation'. NOTE: a dataset contact ('machh-super-group' overlies 'Hachi Volcanic Group') pairs a Balochistan super-group with this Punjab/Kirana Precambrian formation and looks geographically spurious — flag for review.

Kazmi, A.H. & Abbasi, I.A. (2008)

Sources (6)

Malkani, M.S. & Mahmood, Z. (2017). Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Memoir Vol. 24.
OpenStreetMap contributors and GEOnet Names Server (public geographic gazetteers), used to geolocate named GSP type localities to approximate decimal coordinates.
Chaudhry, M.N., Ahsan, N. & Rehman, S.U. (2022). Revised Stratigraphy of Sargodha-Chiniot Area, Punjab, Pakistan. The Geological Bulletin of the Punjab University, 2022, pp. 1-9.
Shah, S.M.I. (2009). Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Memoir Vol. 22.
Kazmi, A.H. & Jan, M.Q. (1997). Geology and Tectonics of Pakistan. Graphic Publishers, Karachi.
Kazmi, A.H. & Abbasi, I.A. (2008). Stratigraphy and Historical Geology of Pakistan. Department & National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar. 524 pp. ISBN 978-969-9119.

Reviewer confidence: high

Every fact on this page is source-cited. This entry is part of the peer-archived Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset (doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991, CC‑BY‑4.0).

Lexicon status: Name attested in the Shah (1977/2009) Geological Survey of Pakistan compilation — the national stratigraphic lexicon. This records where the name is documented; it is not an endorsement of the unit’s definition, age or figures.

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Cite this unit

APA

Qudsi, L. (2026). Hachi Volcanic Group. In Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991

BibTeX

@misc{stratigraphypk_hachigroup,
  author    = {Qudsi, Lareb},
  title     = {{Hachi Volcanic Group} --- Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.21363991},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991}
}

Archived dataset: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991 (CC‑BY‑4.0) · Direct link to this entry: https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/hachi-group (accessed October 29, 2026).

To cite the unit's original definition instead, see: Shah (2009) (after the Hachi volcanics, Alam 1987).

Referenced in other successions

Overlain by Machh Super Group