Paleozoic • Permian formation In GSP lexicon

Rawat Formation

Permian

Karakoram-Hindukush Basin · Southern Metamorphic Belt

Cited in 4 sources Last reviewed Jul 30, 2026

Unit summary

Rank: formation
Status: Published
Age: Paleozoic · PermianPermian
Named by: Le Fort & Gaetani (1998)
Type locality: Rawat village, upper Yasin/Darkot region
Thickness: Not recorded
Lithology: Slate, limestone, siltstone and quartzite.
Synonyms: Not recorded

A Permian slate-and-limestone unit of the Darkot Group in the upper Yasin region.

Rawat formation is named after the Rawat village. It consists of slates, limestones, siltstone and quartzites. The Permian fossils are reported by Hayden (1915).

Fossils

Permian invertebrates

Contacts

In the Karakoram column

Shale / mudMetamorphicLimestoneFossils recordedContact not recorded

Band colour = period; texture = dominant rock type. Lines between bands mark the contact type; dotted = no contact recorded in the sources (not a claim of conformity). True scale makes height ∝ recorded thickness; hatched = thickness not recorded. Ages approximate, for ordering.

This unit (highlighted) within its province column; faded ends continue above and below. Line style marks the contact type.

Distribution & setting

Karakoram

Basin: Karakoram-Hindukush Basin
Region: Southern Metamorphic Belt
Depositional environment: marine
Coordinates: Not recorded

Correlation

Not recorded. Compare this unit against other basins on the correlation panel →

Economic significance

Not recorded

Remarks

A Permian unit of the Darkot Group (its Northern Stack, with the White Marble); Permian fossils were reported by Hayden (1915).

Research notes (3)

Field-by-field findings drawn from the cited literature. Every statement is traced to a registered source — follow a citation for the full reference.

Name & nomenclature (1)

Attested in Shah (2009), Geological Survey of Pakistan Memoir 22 - the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan's compiled lexicon (listed in the memoir's contents). Adds the definitional GSP/SCP lexicon citation.

Shah, S.M.I. (2009)

Age & correlation (1)

Zanchi & Gaetani (2011): the Rawat Formation (Le Fort & Gaetani 1998; Darkot Group) is Late Palaeozoic — dark slates and limestones with bryozoan/brachiopod fragments and, in the Darkot area, Permian fusulinids (Hayden 1915). Several hundred metres of splintery dark slates and dark limestones with silty/arenitic interbeds; the Darband Fm. of Pudsey & Gupta (1985) is here included as a member of the Rawat Formation.

Zanchi, A. & Gaetani, M. (2011)

Lithology (1)

CONFIRMED against Zanchi & Gaetani (2011, full text): splintery dark slates and dark limestones with silty/arenitic interbeds, upper Darkot Valley S of the Karakoram Batholith; Permian fusulinids reported nearby (Hayden 1915); includes the Darband Fm as a member. Corroborates the Permian age.

Zanchi, A. & Gaetani, M. (2011)

Sources (3)

Malkani, M.S. & Mahmood, Z. (2017). Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Memoir Vol. 24.
Zanchi, A. & Gaetani, M. (2011). The geology of the Karakoram range, Pakistan: the new 1:100,000 geological map of Central-Western Karakoram. Italian Journal of Geosciences, 130(2), 161-262.
Shah, S.M.I. (2009). Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Memoir Vol. 22.

Reviewer confidence: medium

Every fact on this page is source-cited. This entry is part of the peer-archived Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset (doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991, CC‑BY‑4.0).

Lexicon status: Name attested in the Shah (1977/2009) Geological Survey of Pakistan compilation — the national stratigraphic lexicon. This records where the name is documented; it is not an endorsement of the unit’s definition, age or figures.

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Cite this unit

APA

Qudsi, L. (2026). Rawat Formation. In Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991

BibTeX

@misc{stratigraphypk_rawatformation,
  author    = {Qudsi, Lareb},
  title     = {{Rawat Formation} --- Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.21363991},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991}
}

Archived dataset: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991 (CC‑BY‑4.0) · Direct link to this entry: https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/rawat-formation (accessed October 29, 2026).

To cite the unit's original definition instead, see: Le Fort & Gaetani (1998).