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Pakistan Stratigraphy

Basin

Karakoram-Hindukush Basin (Laurasia)

2 provinces · 75 formations

This reference records 75 units across 2 provinces of the Karakoram-Hindukush Basin (Laurasia), spanning 4 geological eras and most commonly metamorphic rocks, limestone, conglomerate.

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At a glance

75
units
2
provinces
4
eras
39
georeferenced
37
with fossils
72
type localities
10,000 m
max thickness
37
sources

Rock types

  • metamorphic rocks (29)
  • limestone (18)
  • conglomerate (17)
  • igneous rocks (5)
  • sandstone (2)
  • shale/mudstone (1)

Based on the primary lithology recorded for each unit; some units span more than one rock type.

Fossils recorded

  • Conodonts
  • Foraminifera
  • Neospathodus dieneri
  • Triassospathodus homeri
  • Algae
  • Megalodontidae (bivalves)
  • Benthic foraminifera (Aulotortus friedli, Agathammina)
  • Ostracods
  • Crinoids
  • Corals
  • Echinoids
  • Brachiopods
  • Ammonites
  • Bryozoans
  • Gastropods
  • Rugose corals
  • Trilobites (Neocalmonia chitralensis, N. batillifera orientalis)
  • Ammonoids (rare)
  • Bivalves
  • Megalodon
  • Fusulinid foraminifera (Nankinella, Sphaerulina)
  • Dasyclad alga (Permocalculus)
  • Tubiphytes
  • megalodontid bivalves (Triassic)

+69 more across the Karakoram-Hindukush Basin (Laurasia) units.

Provinces

2

Karakoram

56

Active collision zone, Asian plate margin

Hindukush-Chitral

21

Asian plate margin, fold-thrust belt

Stratigraphic column

The Karakoram-Hindukush Basin (Laurasia) units placed in age order (units without a resolvable age are omitted). Toggle readable vs true-scale, and use Download to export any section as SVG or PNG for a figure.

Karakoram-Hindukush Basin (Laurasia) — stratigraphic column
  1. Bunthang SequenceNeogene–Quaternary
  2. Baltoro GraniteNeogene
  3. Shanoz ConglomeratePaleogene
  4. Bauma Harel FormationFossils recordedCretaceous–Paleogene
  5. Savoia FormationCretaceous–Paleogene
  6. Hunza Plutonic UnitCretaceous
  7. Reshun FormationFossils recordedCretaceous
  8. Darband FormationFossils recordedCretaceous
  9. Gahirat LimestoneCretaceous
  10. Khalkhal FormationCretaceous
  11. Krinj LimestoneCretaceous
  12. Shittinbar FormationCretaceous
  13. Tupop FormationCretaceous
  14. Reshit FormationFossils recordedJurassic
  15. Ashtigar FormationFossils recordedJurassic
  16. Bdongo-La FormationFossils recordedJurassic
  17. Dark LimestoneJurassic
  18. Marpo SandstoneJurassic
  19. Tekri FormationFossils recordedJurassic
  20. Yashkuk FormationFossils recordedJurassic
  21. Darwaz An FormationFossils recordedJurassic
  22. Aghil LimestoneFossils recordedTriassic–Jurassic
  23. Borom FormationFossils recordedTriassic
  24. Ailak FormationFossils recordedTriassic
  25. Guhjal DolomiteFossils recordedTriassic
  26. Chikchi-ri ShaleFossils recordedTriassic
  27. Wirokhun FormationFossils recordedTriassic
  28. Zait LimestoneFossils recordedTriassic
  29. Arkari FormationPermian–Jurassic
  30. Chapursan GroupPermian–Triassic
  31. Atark FormationFossils recordedPermian
  32. Gharil FormationPermian
  33. Gircha FormationFossils recordedPermian
  34. Gum FormationPermian
  35. Kundil FormationFossils recordedPermian
  36. Lashkargaz FormationPermian
  37. Lupghar FormationPermian
  38. Panjshah FormationFossils recordedPermian
  39. Rawat FormationFossils recordedPermian
  40. Shaksgam FormationFossils recordedPermian
  41. Singhie ShalesPermian
  42. Staghar Cherty LimestoneFossils recordedPermian
  43. Ini Sar FormationFossils recordedPermian
  44. Pak-China Friendship FormationPermian
  45. Passu SlatePermian
  46. Darkot GroupFossils recordedCarboniferous–Permian
  47. Chalt FormationFossils recordedCarboniferous–Permian
  48. Dumordo FormationCarboniferous–Permian
  49. Lupsuk FormationCarboniferous
  50. Ribat FormationFossils recordedCarboniferous
  51. Twin Valley MemberCarboniferous
  52. Ganchen FormationDevonian–Permian
  53. Margach FormationFossils recordedDevonian–Carboniferous
  54. Barum FormationPaleozoic (undifferentiated)
  55. Daltumbore Formation
  56. Wakhan Formation
  57. Chitral SlateFossils recorded
  58. Shogram FormationFossils recordedDevonian
  59. Chilmarabad FormationFossils recordedDevonian
  60. Sewakht FormationDevonian
  61. Vandanil FormationFossils recordedDevonian
  62. Charun QuartziteFossils recordedDevonian
  63. Sarikol ShaleFossils recordedDevonian
  64. Lun ShaleFossils recordedSilurian–Devonian
  65. Baroghil GroupFossils recordedOrdovician–Silurian
  66. Thalle LimestoneOrdovician
  67. Vidiakot FormationOrdovician
  68. Yarkhun FormationFossils recordedOrdovician
  69. Chikar FormationCambrian
  70. Misgar SlateNeoproterozoic-Cambrian
  71. Baltit GroupPrecambrian
MixedIgneousConglomerateMetamorphicLimestoneSandstoneMarlShale / mudFossils recordedContact not recordedUnconformityFaultConformable

Band colour = period; texture = dominant rock type. Lines between bands mark the contact type (wavy = unconformity inferred from a missing period); dotted = no contact recorded in the sources (not a claim of conformity). True scale makes height ∝ recorded thickness; hatched = thickness not recorded. Ages approximate, for ordering.

Unordered units (4 — no assigned age)

Units in this basin

75

Cenozoic3

Mesozoic25

Paleozoic41

Precambrian2

Igneous · metamorphic · unclassified4