Buland Hill Formation
Proterozoic
Indo-Pakistan Shield
Part of Hachi Volcanic Group
Precambrian in the time scale →Cited in 3 sources Last reviewed Jul 31, 2026
- Rank
- formation
- Status
- Published
- Age
- Precambrian · Precambrian · ProterozoicProterozoic
- Named by
- Hartsch et al. (2018)
- Type locality
- Not recorded
- Thickness
- 390 m
- Lithology
- Felsic volcanics and volcanogenic slates, often interbedded with rhyolite, rhyolitic tuff, andesite, dacite and dacitic tuff; intruded by swarms of dolerite sills and dykes.
- Synonyms
- Not recorded
Upper formation of the Hachi Volcanic Group, widely exposed at Buland Hill, Hachi Hill and Kirana Hill: predominantly acidic (rhyolitic) volcanics and volcanogenic slates intruded by dolerite. Unconformably overlain by the Machh Super Group.
Fossils
Not recorded
Contacts
Band colour = period; texture = dominant rock type. Lines between bands mark the contact type; dotted = no contact recorded in the sources (not a claim of conformity). True scale makes height ∝ recorded thickness; hatched = thickness not recorded. Ages approximate, for ordering.
This unit (highlighted) within its province column; faded ends continue above and below. Line style marks the contact type.
Distribution & setting
- Basin
- Indo-Pakistan Shield
- Region
- Not recorded
- Depositional environment
- volcanic
- Coordinates
- Not recorded
Correlation
Not recorded. Compare this unit against other basins on the correlation panel →
Economic significance
Not recorded
Remarks
Not recorded
Research notes (2)
Field-by-field findings drawn from the cited literature. Every statement is traced to a registered source — follow a citation for the full reference.
Lithology (1)
-
Kazmi & Jan (1997) NAMING FLAG: 'Buland Hill' is treated as a locality (~5 km²) in the Kirana Hills, not a formal formation — predominantly rhyolitic flows, tuffs (some welded), breccia and concordant dolerite sheets (one rhyolite lens 90 m thick), a good example of bimodal continental magmatism of the Precambrian Kirana suite (~870 Ma). The DB 'Formation' rank should be reviewed.
Kazmi, A.H. & Jan, M.Q. (1997)
Geological significance (1)
-
Kazmi & Abbasi (2008) CORROBORATES the flag: 'Buland' appears only as one of the hills/localities (with Hachi, Sheikh, Hundawali, Chiniot) where volcanics dominate within the Kirana Hills — there is no 'Buland Formation' in the book. Supports treating 'Buland Hill' as a locality within the Hachi Formation, not a formal formation.
Kazmi, A.H. & Abbasi, I.A. (2008)
Sources (3)
- Chaudhry, M.N., Ahsan, N. & Rehman, S.U. (2022). Revised Stratigraphy of Sargodha-Chiniot Area, Punjab, Pakistan. The Geological Bulletin of the Punjab University, 2022, pp. 1-9.
- Kazmi, A.H. & Jan, M.Q. (1997). Geology and Tectonics of Pakistan. Graphic Publishers, Karachi.
- Kazmi, A.H. & Abbasi, I.A. (2008). Stratigraphy and Historical Geology of Pakistan. Department & National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar. 524 pp. ISBN 978-969-9119.
Reviewer confidence: high
Every fact on this page is source-cited. This entry is part of the peer-archived Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset (doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991, CC‑BY‑4.0).
Lexicon status: Defined in journal or other literature; not found in a GSP memoir. There is no body currently ratifying unit status, so provenance is shown in place of a formal ruling.
Cite this unit
Qudsi, L. (2026). Buland Hill Formation. In Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991
@misc{stratigraphypk_bulandhillformation,
author = {Qudsi, Lareb},
title = {{Buland Hill Formation} --- Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.21363991},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991}
} Archived dataset: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991 (CC‑BY‑4.0) · Direct link to this entry: https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/buland-hill-formation (accessed October 29, 2026).
To cite the unit's original definition instead, see: Hartsch et al. (2018).
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