Gashu-Confluence Volcanics
Cretaceous (Jaglot Group, Kohistan arc)
Kohistan Arc · Northern Greenstone Belt
Cretaceous in the time scale →Cited in 4 sources Last reviewed Jul 30, 2026
- Rank
- formation
- Status
- Published
- Age
- Mesozoic · Cretaceous · Early CretaceousCretaceous (Jaglot Group, Kohistan arc)
- Named by
- Khan T. et al. (1997)
- Type locality
- Near the junction of Gashu Gah and Sai Nala, vicinity of Gilgit, Kohistan (Gilgit-Baltistan), northern Pakistan.
- Thickness
- about 500 m (Khan T. et al. 1994)
- Lithology
- About 0.5 km of volcaniclastics and massive to pillowed basalts (metavolcaniclastic, metavolcanic and metacalcareous rocks); conformable between the underlying Gilgit Formation and the overlying Thelichi Formation.
- Synonyms
- Not recorded
The Gashu-Confluence Volcanics are the middle unit of the Jaglot Group of the Kohistan arc, between the Gilgit Formation and the Thelichi Formation. They comprise metavolcaniclastic, metavolcanic and metacalcareous rocks and, together with the Thelichi Formation, are correlated with the Chalt Volcanics and the Albian–Aptian Yasin Group. Defined by Khan T. et al. (1997) near the confluence of Gashu Gah and Sai Nala; Yamamoto et al. (2011) place them within a north-dipping tectonic stack recording closure of the Kohistan back-arc basin.
Fossils
Not recorded
Contacts
Lower contact — conformable; upper contact — conformable.
Band colour = period; texture = dominant rock type. Lines between bands mark the contact type; dotted = no contact recorded in the sources (not a claim of conformity). True scale makes height ∝ recorded thickness; hatched = thickness not recorded. Ages approximate, for ordering.
This unit (highlighted) within its province column; faded ends continue above and below. Line style marks the contact type.
Distribution & setting
- Basin
- Kohistan Arc
- Region
- Northern Greenstone Belt
- Depositional environment
- volcanic-arc, marine
- Coordinates
- Not recorded
Correlation
Not recorded. Compare this unit against other basins on the correlation panel →
Economic significance
Not recorded
Remarks
The volcanic-dominated middle member of the Jaglot Group; correlated with the mid-Cretaceous Chalt Volcanics, it records arc/back-arc volcanism within the Cretaceous Kohistan back-arc succession.
Sources (3)
- Khan, T., Jan, M.Q., Khan, M.A. & Kausar, A.B. (1997). High-grade metasedimentary rocks (Gilgit Formation) in the vicinity of Gilgit, Kohistan, northern Pakistan. Journal of Mineralogy, Petrology and Economic Geology, 92, 465-479.
- Yamamoto, H., Rehman, H.U., Kaneko, Y. & Kausar, A.B. (2011). Tectonic stacking of back-arc formations in the Thelichi section (Indus valley) of the Kohistan arc, northern Pakistan. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 417-426.
- Khan, T., Khan, M.A. & Jan, M.Q. (1994). Geology between Gilgit and Chilas, Kohistan, N. Pakistan. Geological Bulletin, University of Peshawar, 27, 99-112.
Every fact on this page is source-cited. This entry is part of the peer-archived Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset (doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991, CC‑BY‑4.0).
Lexicon status: Defined in journal or other literature; not found in a GSP memoir. There is no body currently ratifying unit status, so provenance is shown in place of a formal ruling.
Cite this unit
Qudsi, L. (2026). Gashu-Confluence Volcanics. In Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991
@misc{stratigraphypk_gashuconfluencevolcanics,
author = {Qudsi, Lareb},
title = {{Gashu-Confluence Volcanics} --- Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Zenodo},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.21363991},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991}
} Archived dataset: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991 (CC‑BY‑4.0) · Direct link to this entry: https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/gashu-confluence-volcanics (accessed October 29, 2026).
To cite the unit's original definition instead, see: Khan T. et al. (1997).
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