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Pakistan Stratigraphy

Khyber-Hazara-Kashmir Basin (Uppermost Indus)

Swat–Malakand

Malakand, Swat and Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa · Lesser Himalayan metasedimentary belt, Indian-plate affinity

Metasedimentary and low- to medium-grade metamorphic belt of Malakand, Swat and Buner (Manglour schist, Marghazar, Kashala, Saidu). Indian-plate Lesser-Himalayan rocks structurally caught up in the Northern Indus Suture, south of the Kohistan arc.

Units

17

Tectonic setting

Lesser Himalayan metasedimentary belt, Indian-plate affinity

This reference records 17 units in the Swat–Malakand spanning 3 geological eras, most commonly metamorphic rocks, limestone, conglomerate.

Correlate with other provinces → Explore the basin → Filter all units →

At a glance

17
units
3
eras
6
georeferenced
1
with fossils
14
type localities
4,000 m
max thickness
15
sources

Rock types

  • metamorphic rocks (10)
  • limestone (2)
  • conglomerate (1)

Based on the primary lithology recorded for each unit; some units span more than one rock type.

Fossils recorded

  • Conodonts

Units in this province

17 units

Line these up against other basins on the correlation panel →

Era colours
  • Quaternary
  • Cenozoic
  • Mesozoic
  • Paleozoic
  • Precambrian
Swat–Malakand
  1. Saidu FormationTriassic–Jurassic
  2. Kashala FormationFossils recordedTriassic
  3. Landai FormationTriassic
  4. Nikanai Ghar FormationTriassic
  5. Duma FormationCarboniferous–Triassic
  6. Mekhband FormationPermian
  7. Spinkai FormationPermian
  8. Malandrai MemberCarboniferous
  9. Marghazar FormationCarboniferous
  10. Alpurai Group
  11. Lwarani Mela LimestoneLate Paleozoic
  12. Manglaur FormationEdiacaran
  13. Gandaf FormationProterozoic
  14. Banna FormationPrecambrian
  15. Karora Formation
  16. Manglour Formation
  17. Kishar FormationPaleoproterozoic
MetamorphicMixedLimestoneFossils recordedContact not recordedUnconformityIntrusive

Band colour = period; texture = dominant rock type. Lines between bands mark the contact type (wavy = unconformity inferred from a missing period); dotted = no contact recorded in the sources (not a claim of conformity). True scale makes height ∝ recorded thickness; hatched = thickness not recorded. Ages approximate, for ordering.