Paleozoic • Carboniferous member GSP memoir

Malandrai Member

Late Carboniferous

Northern Indus Suture · Malakand

Cited in 2 sources Last reviewed Jul 31, 2026

Unit summary

Rank: member
Status: Under review
Age: Paleozoic · CarboniferousLate Carboniferous
Named by: DiPietro et al. (1995)
Type locality: Duma, Malakand area
Thickness: Not recorded
Lithology: Not recorded
Synonyms: Not recorded

A member of the Duma Formation in the Malakand area.

The Malandrai Member (greenschist), named after the Malandrai Kandao locality 12 km NE of Rustam, is the upper member of the Duma Formation. That formation - named after Duma village on the right side of the Indus gorge, 46 km ENE of Rustam, by Dipietro et al. (1995) - was organized by Kazmi and Abbasi (2008) into three members: the lower Karapa greenschist (named by Dipietro et al. 1999), the middle Duma marble member (the Duma formation of Dipietro et al. 1999), and the upper Malandrai Member.

Fossils

Not recorded

Contacts

In the Swat–Malakand column

MixedLimestoneMetamorphicContact not recorded

Band colour = period; texture = dominant rock type. Lines between bands mark the contact type; dotted = no contact recorded in the sources (not a claim of conformity). True scale makes height ∝ recorded thickness; hatched = thickness not recorded. Ages approximate, for ordering.

This unit (highlighted) within its province column; faded ends continue above and below. Line style marks the contact type.

Distribution & setting

Swat–Malakand

Basin: Northern Indus Suture
Region: Malakand
Depositional environment: Not recorded
Coordinates: Not recorded

Correlation

Not recorded. Compare this unit against other basins on the correlation panel →

Economic significance

Not recorded

Remarks

A mapped member of the Duma Formation in the Malakand/Swat area (DiPietro et al., 1995); its lithology and age are not well established.

Research notes (1)

Field-by-field findings drawn from the cited literature. Every statement is traced to a registered source — follow a citation for the full reference.

Age & correlation (1)

Kazmi & Abbasi (2008) gap-fill: the Malandrai Member (a.k.a. Malandrai Greenschist; type Malandrai Kandao, 12 km NE of Rustam) is the lower member of the Duma Formation — greenschist interlayered with minor argillite, phyllite, calcite/dolomitic marble and graphitic phyllite. It overlies the Carboniferous Jafar Kandao Formation along an erosional unconformity, constraining it to the Late Carboniferous. Parent unit: Duma Formation.

Kazmi, A.H. & Abbasi, I.A. (2008)

Sources (2)

Malkani, M.S. & Mahmood, Z. (2017). Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Memoir Vol. 24.
Kazmi, A.H. & Abbasi, I.A. (2008). Stratigraphy and Historical Geology of Pakistan. Department & National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar. 524 pp. ISBN 978-969-9119.

Reviewer confidence: medium

Every fact on this page is source-cited. This entry is part of the peer-archived Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset (doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991, CC‑BY‑4.0).

Lexicon status: Appears in a single-author Geological Survey of Pakistan memoir (Malkani & Mahmood 2017), not cross-confirmed against the Shah lexicon. The Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan is largely inactive, so documented provenance — not formal ratification — is the available signal.

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Cite this unit

APA

Qudsi, L. (2026). Malandrai Member. In Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991

BibTeX

@misc{stratigraphypk_malandraimember,
  author    = {Qudsi, Lareb},
  title     = {{Malandrai Member} --- Pakistan Stratigraphy Dataset},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.21363991},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991}
}

Archived dataset: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21363991 (CC‑BY‑4.0) · Direct link to this entry: https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/malandrai-member (accessed October 29, 2026).

To cite the unit's original definition instead, see: DiPietro et al. (1995).

Below · older

Duma Formation

Carboniferous–Triassic