Wargal Limestone

Waterhouse (2010): the Wargal Limestone ranges from the Capitanian (Guadalupian) in its lower part up into the Wuchiapingian (Lopingian) in its upper part, so its top is Late Permian rather than only Middle Permian. Lower Wargal is Capitanian (conodonts Clarkina asymmetrica, C. dukouensis above Jinogondolella granti; fusulinid Neoschwagerina margaritae), while the topmost Kalabagh Member is higher Wuchiapingian (conodonts Clarkina liangshanensis then C. transcaucasica; ammonoid Xenaspis carbonarius in the upper Wargal; a very large, warm-water brachiopod fauna, ~230 species listed by Waterhouse 1983b).

Waterhouse, J.B. (2010)

Kazmi & Jan (1997): the Wargal Limestone (the 'Middle Productus Limestone'; 180–200 m in the Salt Range, 150 m Khisor) is grey medium-to-massive partly sandy limestone and dolomite, disconformable on the Amb and transitional up into the Chhidru; richly fossiliferous (brachiopods Enteletes/Richthofenia/Oldhamina, trilobites, ammonoids Xenodiscus, corals, fusulinids, conodonts Iranognathus/Gondolella) — assigned a Late Permian (late Murgabian–early Dzhulfian) age.

Kazmi, A.H. & Jan, M.Q. (1997)

Kazmi & Abbasi (2008): the book dates the Wargal Limestone Late Permian (Late Murgabian to Early Dzhulfian), with the Kalabagh Member forming its top ~30 m — extending into the Late Permian beyond the curated 'Middle Permian (Wordian–Capitanian)'. The unit is best regarded as spanning the Middle–Late Permian; recorded as a note.

Kazmi, A.H. & Abbasi, I.A. (2008)

Refined from "Middle Permian (Wordian-Capitanian)" to Capitanian–Wuchiapingian: the lower Wargal is Capitanian and the upper part Wuchiapingian, extending into the Lopingian (Late Permian) with coral patch reefs and echinodermal-debris bars (Mertmann 2003).

Mertmann, D. (2003)

Hemphill & Kidwai (1973, USGS PP 716-B), Paniala area: the Wargal Limestone is brown/grey limestone (sandy/argillaceous/cherty and thin-bedded at top, massive nodular in the middle, sandy at base) with grey calcareous shale, its rich upper fauna including algae, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, gastropods, cephalopods and crinoids; ~640 ft SE of Paniala (the old 'Middle Productus limestone').

Hemphill, W.R. & Kidwai, A.H. (1973)

Geocoded (medium confidence) from the published type locality "Wargal, Salt Range" via public gazetteer (OpenStreetMap / GEOnet Names Server). Named-place point of ~km accuracy for regional screening, not a surveyed section; author-reviewed in the coordinate-verification pass. Basis: Wargal village, western Salt Range.

OpenStreetMap contributors and GEOnet Names Server (public geographic gazetteers), used to geolocate named GSP type localities to approximate decimal coordinates.

Rafi, Sameeni & Lodhi (2016), Wargal Limestone at Dhokri (central/western Salt Range): the unit (predominantly limestone with dolomite) yields good-quality lime - CaO ~43% when calcined at 1100 C (versus ~38% at 900 C) - and is judged suitable for a range of industrial uses including cement, glass, food, pharmaceuticals, putty, dentifrices and cosmetics. Adds an industrial-lime dimension to the recorded cement/building-stone use.

Rafi, M., Sameeni, S.J. & Lodhi, K.K. (2016)

Craig et al. (2018): the Late Permian Wargal Formation acts as both source and reservoir - its carbonaceous shale interbeds are a source rock with average TOC ~1.0 wt.% (Jaswal et al. 1997) and vitrinite reflectance Ro 0.65-0.95% (Tobin & Claxton 2000), and oil has been produced from the Wargal Formation in the Dhurnal Field.

Craig, J., Hakhoo, N., Bhat, G.M., Hafiz, M., Khan, M.R., Misra, R., Pandita, S.K., Raina, B.K., Thurow, J., Thusu, B., Ahmed, W. & Khullar, S. (2018)