Source provenance
Waterhouse, J.B. (2010). Lopingian (Late Permian) stratigraphy of the Salt Range, Pakistan and Himalayan region. Geological Journal, 45, 264-284.
Cited by 4 units (4 published) · 0 field-level citations · 5 revision notes.
Reviewer-supplied. Lopingian (Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian) stratigraphy and brachiopod/conodont/ammonoid/fusulinid biostratigraphy of the Salt Range and Himalayan region. Refines the Chhidru Formation (Kufri/Ganjaroh/Khisor members; straddles the Wuchiapingian-Changhsingian boundary) and the upper Wargal Limestone / Kalabagh Member (reaching higher Wuchiapingian), and documents severe condensation and faunal mixing across the Permian-Triassic boundary (Kathwai Member of the Mianwali Formation).
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Units citing this source
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- Age: Waterhouse (2010), citing Mei & Henderson (2002): the Amb Formation (below the Wargal Formation) was assigned a lower Capitanian (Guadalupian) age — considerably younger than the curated Early Permian (Sakmarian–Artinskian) assignment; this discrepancy is flagged for reviewer reconciliation, not applied. The upper Amb includes the Katta Member plant beds with Glossopteris leaves, apparently older than Glossopteris occurrences known elsewhere in the Himalayan ranges.
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- Age: Waterhouse (2010): the Chhidru Formation straddles the Wuchiapingian–Changhsingian boundary. Its lower and middle beds (Kufri Member) are late Wuchiapingian — the conodont Clarkina longicuspidata occurs very low (near the basal Changhsingian per Wardlaw & Mei 1999) and the ammonoid Cyclolobus is typical of late Wuchiapingian faunas — while the higher beds (Ganjaroh 'bivalve beds' and the capping Khisor Sandstone Member) are provisionally basal-to-mid Changhsingian, the Khisor palynomorphs (Cancellosa Zone: Triplexisporites playfordii, Playfordiaspora cancellosa) indicating a mid-Changhsingian age. Correlation with the Chhidru is what yields an unusually high four biozones in the Changhsingian Stage; a carbon-isotope decline accelerates to ~−2‰ at the top of the formation.
- Age: Waterhouse (2010): three members are recognised — the Kufri Member (lower–middle beds), the Ganjaroh Member (Waagen's 1891 'bivalve beds'), and the Khisor Sandstone Member (the topmost 'white sandstone', shallow subtidal–intertidal with freshwater influence). About 140 brachiopod species have been described from the formation.
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- Age: Waterhouse (2010): the basal Kathwai Member of the Mianwali Formation records severe condensation and faunal mixing across the Permian–Triassic boundary — the basal dolostone carries the very-late-Changhsingian conodont Clarkina meishanensis alongside the basal-Triassic Hindeodus parvus (with Isarcicella and Neogondolella carinata higher) and a few reworked Permian brachiopods, indicating deposition in very shallow, repeatedly reworked waters. A middle–upper Kathwai carbon-isotope excursion corresponds to an upper Gangetian (Early Induan) age, with the overlying Ophiceras tibeticum ammonoid Zone above.
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- Age: Waterhouse (2010): the Wargal Limestone ranges from the Capitanian (Guadalupian) in its lower part up into the Wuchiapingian (Lopingian) in its upper part, so its top is Late Permian rather than only Middle Permian. Lower Wargal is Capitanian (conodonts Clarkina asymmetrica, C. dukouensis above Jinogondolella granti; fusulinid Neoschwagerina margaritae), while the topmost Kalabagh Member is higher Wuchiapingian (conodonts Clarkina liangshanensis then C. transcaucasica; ammonoid Xenaspis carbonarius in the upper Wargal; a very large, warm-water brachiopod fauna, ~230 species listed by Waterhouse 1983b).