Source provenance

Malkani, M.S. (2020). Revised Stratigraphy and Mineral Resources of Balochistan Basin, Pakistan: An Update. Open Journal of Geology, 10, 784-828.

Cited by 13 units (13 published) · 4 field-level citations · 10 revision notes.

Full text + companion abstract reviewed (reviewer-supplied). Single-author GSP synthesis of the Balochistan super-basin (Kakar-Khorasan back-arc, Chagai-Raskoh-Wazhdad magmatic arc, Makran-Siahan fore-arc) and the Western Indus Suture. Strength is the mineral-resource inventory (Chagai porphyry Cu-Au at Saindak/Reko Diq, Pachin Koh-Chilghazi magnetite iron, ophiolite chromite, Khuzdar-Lasbela Pb-Zn-barite, Makran fault-hosted antimony-gold-silver veins, Koh-i-Sultan/Jiwani sulphur). Its higher-order groupings and cross-basin synonymies (Sharan Jogezai vs Nisai Group; Wazhdad magmatic arc; Talar=Vihowa; Saindak=Amalaf=Washap; Murgha Faqirzai=Siahan=Hoshab=Zurati) are the author's own usage, internally inconsistent between his papers, and are recorded as attributed revisionNotes rather than adopted over curated values.

This page is the reverse of each unit's per-field citations — it shows exactly what this reference supports, making the dataset's “no source, no fact” rule browsable both ways.

Units citing this source

• Mesozoic Anjira Formation Jurassic
  Economic importance
• Cenozoic Jiwani Formation Quaternary
  Economic importance
• Cenozoic Kamerod Formation Quaternary
  • Lithology: Second Malkani reference (2020, same author - not independent): the Kamerod Formation (Kamerod, N margin of the Siahan range, 31 M/10) is fluvial-lacustrine conglomerate, mudstone and sandstone, Pleistocene; lithologically the same as the Kech Formation.
• Cenozoic Kech Formation Quaternary
  • Lithology: Second Malkani reference (2020, same author - not independent): the Kech Formation (Kech valley, Hoshab-Turbat) is conglomerate, mudstone and sandstone (fluvial), Pleistocene, correlated with the Kamerod / partly Ormara formations, with an upper angular unconformity to Subrecent-Recent deposits.
• Cenozoic Kharan Formation Paleogene
  • Lithology: Independently corroborated (Malkani 2020, Balochistan Basin — independent of the Indian Plate Lexicon; and Geotectonics 2025, DOI 10.1134/S0016852125700049, on the Eocene Kharan Limestone of the Raskoh Range): Early-Middle Eocene foraminiferal/argillaceous limestone near Kharan, treated as a synonym/equivalent of the Nisai (Robat) limestone. Lifts this record off the indplex-only source. Literature-search-derived.
• Cenozoic Khojak Formation Paleogene
  • Lithology: Independently corroborated (Malkani 2020, Balochistan Basin, independent of the Indian Plate Lexicon; and the strong independent literature Qayyum, Niem & Lawrence on the Katawaz remnant ocean, and Kassi et al. in J. Himalayan Earth Sci.): an Oligocene-Miocene monotonous sandstone-shale turbidite/deltaic sequence ~6000-6300 m thick, with a lower Murgha Faqirzai Member and upper Shaigalu Member, deposited by the Khojak submarine fan. Lifts this record off the indplex-only source; add Qayyum et al. and Kassi et al. as further independent references after PDF confirmation.
• Cenozoic Mina Formation Paleogene
  • Lithology: Second Malkani reference (2020, same author - not independent): the Mina Formation (Mina village, Shagala-Zhob road) is marine alternating green shale and sandstone, ~2000 m (north Balochistan) to 1000-2000 m, Early Eocene, coeval with the Panjgur Formation.
• Cenozoic Nisai Limestone Paleogene
  • Member units: Malkani (2020) reorganizes the northern-Balochistan Cretaceous-Paleocene succession, but inconsistently between his own texts: one places the Akhtar Nika and Jabrai formations in a new 'Sharan Jogezai Group' beneath a restricted Nisai Group, while the companion abstract places all three (Akhtar Nika, Jabrai, Nisai) within a single 'Nisai Group' (~2000 m). He also synonymizes Nisai Limestone with the Robat, Kharan and Wakai limestones, and Murgha Faqirzai Shale with the Siahan, Zurati and Hoshab shales. Recorded for review; NOT adopted, pending a settled scheme.
• Quaternary Sakhi Sarwar Formation Quaternary
  • Lithology: Second Malkani reference (2020, same author - not independent): the Sakhi Sarwar Formation is mud and sandstone with poorly developed conglomerate (mud-dominant in valley centres), Pleistocene-Holocene, of the Sakhi Sarwar Group (with the Dada Formation), concealed in places by Subrecent-Recent fluvial/eolian/colluvial deposits.
• Cenozoic Shagala Formation Paleogene
  Synonyms
  • Economic importance: Yields continental vertebrate fossils in the Kakar-Khorasan area, including the baluchithere rhinocerotoid Pakitherium shagalai (Malkani 2020) — a geoheritage/palaeontological asset. Molasse red sandstone/shale, ~3000 m thick in the Kakar-Khorasan range.
• Cenozoic Shagala Group Paleogene
  • Member units: Second Malkani reference (2020, same author - not independent): the Shagala Group (Paleocene-Eocene) comprises the Murgha Faqirzai, Mina and Shagala formations of the Kakar-Khorasan (back-arc) basin, correlated with the Chamalang (Ghazij) and Kahan groups of the Sulaiman basin.
• Cenozoic Siahan Formation Paleogene
  Economic importance
• Cenozoic Zurati Formation Paleogene
  • Lithology: Second Malkani reference (2020, same author as the 2017 baseline - not independent): the Zurati Formation = the Wazhdad Volcaniclastic Group (named after Zurati Koh, 31 M/11) - tuff, agglomerate, tuff breccia and tuffaceous sandstone/shale, dark green, ~1200-1500 m, Early-Late Eocene, of the Wazhdad magmatic arc.