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Pakistan Stratigraphy

Khyber-Hazara-Kashmir Basin (Uppermost Indus)

Hazara Basin

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Azad Kashmir · Himalayan fold-thrust belt, syntaxial zone

Mountainous region with Precambrian metamorphics and complete Mesozoic-Cenozoic sequence. Contains the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, a major structural feature of the Himalayan orogen.

Units

37

Tectonic setting

Himalayan fold-thrust belt, syntaxial zone

This reference records 37 units in the Hazara Basin spanning 4 geological eras, most commonly limestone, metamorphic rocks, conglomerate.

Correlate with other provinces → Explore the basin → Filter all units →

At a glance

37
units
4
eras
26
georeferenced
23
with fossils
35
type localities
3,500 m
max thickness
72
sources

Rock types

  • limestone (11)
  • metamorphic rocks (10)
  • conglomerate (5)
  • sandstone (5)
  • evaporite (3)
  • shale/mudstone (1)
  • igneous rocks (1)

Based on the primary lithology recorded for each unit; some units span more than one rock type.

Fossils recorded

  • Stromatolites (rare)
  • Stromatolites
  • Trace fossils
  • Hyolithids
  • Cruziana rugosa (trace fossils)
  • Skolithos burrows
  • Crinoids
  • Pelecypods
  • Cephalopods
  • Nautiloids
  • Conodonts
  • Corals
  • Stromatoporoids
  • Gastropods
  • Brachiopods
  • Anthracoporella spectabilis (dasyclad alga, Late Carboniferous)
  • Megalodont bivalves
  • Foraminifera
  • Plant fossils
  • Coal traces
  • Freshwater bivalves
  • Echinoids
  • Algae
  • Ammonites

+37 more across the Hazara Basin units.

Units in this province

37 units

Line these up against other basins on the correlation panel →

Era colours
  • Quaternary
  • Cenozoic
  • Mesozoic
  • Paleozoic
  • Precambrian
Hazara Basin
  1. Murree FormationFossils recordedNeogene
  2. Hangu FormationFossils recordedPaleogene
  3. Kuldana FormationFossils recordedPaleogene
  4. Nammal FormationFossils recordedPaleogene
  5. Chorgali FormationFossils recordedPaleogene
  6. Lockhart LimestoneFossils recordedPaleogene
  7. Margala Hill LimestoneFossils recordedPaleogene
  8. Sakesar FormationFossils recordedPaleogene
  9. Indus FormationFossils recordedCretaceous
  10. Kawagarh FormationFossils recordedCretaceous
  11. Chichali FormationFossils recordedJurassic-Cretaceous
  12. Datta FormationFossils recordedJurassic
  13. Samana Suk FormationFossils recordedJurassic
  14. Shinawari FormationFossils recordedJurassic
  15. Kingriali FormationFossils recordedTriassic
  16. Burawai FormationCarboniferous–Triassic
  17. Chushal FormationCarboniferous
  18. Sherwan FormationFossils recordedCarboniferous
  19. Jafar Kandao FormationFossils recordedDevonian–Carboniferous
  20. Karapa Greenschist
  21. Naran Formation
  22. Nowshera FormationFossils recordedDevonian
  23. Panjpir FormationFossils recordedOrdovician–Silurian
  24. Misri Banda QuartziteFossils recordedOrdovician
  25. Mansehra GraniteOrdovician
  26. Abbottabad FormationFossils recordedCambrian
  27. Hazira FormationFossils recordedCambrian
  28. Hazara FormationFossils recordedNeoproterozoic
  29. Langrial LimestoneNeoproterozoic
  30. Rajawal FormationNeoproterozoic
  31. Tanaki Boulder BedNeoproterozoic
  32. Tanawal FormationNeoproterozoic
  33. Mahandri FormationPrecambrian
  34. Miranjani LimestonePrecambrian
  35. Kaghan Group
  36. Sharda Group
  37. Besham GroupArchean-Paleoproterozoic
SandstoneShale / mudLimestoneMixedMetamorphicIgneousConglomerateFossils recordedContact not recordedConformableUnconformity

Band colour = period; texture = dominant rock type. Lines between bands mark the contact type (wavy = unconformity inferred from a missing period); dotted = no contact recorded in the sources (not a claim of conformity). True scale makes height ∝ recorded thickness; hatched = thickness not recorded. Ages approximate, for ordering.