Mine or economic-geology site Cenozoic

Makarwal Coalfield

Salt Range · also Makarwal–Kalabagh coalfield

One of Pakistan’s historic coalfields, worked into the basal Paleocene Hangu Formation of the Trans-Indus Surghar Range, where carbonaceous shales and coal seams overlie the eroded Cretaceous surface.

EconomicScientific

Coal seams in the transgressive Paleocene Hangu Formation
Long-worked Trans-Indus (Surghar–Makarwal) coalfield
Records the earliest Cenozoic marine flooding of the basin

The geology here

The stratigraphic units exposed at this site — every geological fact above traces to their cited sources.

Hangu Formation

Latest Cretaceous to Early Paleocene

Sandstone, grey shale, coal, laterite

Quantitative assessment

Scored with the Brilha (2016) method — each value 0–400. Desk-based first pass; the full score matrix ships with the open dataset.

Scientific value 160/400 · 40%

Educational use 230/400 · 57.5%

Touristic use 210/400 · 52.5%

Degradation risk 330/400 · 82.5%

Watch — elevated risk

Nearby geosites

Nammal Gorge & Lake

52 km · Type or reference section of a named unit

Zaluch Nala — Permian–Triassic boundary section

58 km · Stratigraphic boundary / global correlation section

Nilawahan Gorge — Tobra Formation glacial tillite

63 km · Type or reference section of a named unit

Sources

Yaseen, M., Naseem, A.A., Ahmad, J., Mehmood, M. & Anjum, M.N. (2021). Integrated Approach for Inventories and Quantitative Assessment of Geological and Paleontological Sites from Precambrian to Quaternary Successions in the Salt Range, Pakistan. Geoheritage, 13, 55.

Every statement on this page traces to a registered source. Full records ship with the open dataset.

This geosite is an editorial selection; the geological facts trace to the cited sources on the linked unit pages. Coordinates are indicative and not surveyed. ← All geosites · Suggest a correction