Source provenance
Xiong, Y., Khan, S.D., Mahmood, K. & Sisson, V.B. (2011). Lithological mapping of Bela ophiolite with remote-sensing data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 32(16), 4641-4658.
Cited by 1 unit (1 published) · 0 field-level citations · 1 revision note.
Remote-sensing (Landsat ETM+ and ASTER false-colour and colour-ratio composites, mafic-index images) lithological mapping of the Bela Ophiolite (BO), described as the largest ophiolite in Pakistan, with a new detailed geological map. Differentiates two basalt types and recognises for the first time an ultramafic body (~66 deg 15' E, 26 deg 39' N) in the lower unit. Proposes a two-episode history: the lower unit formed ~110 Ma and the upper unit (a classic ophiolite sequence) ~66 Ma; the upper unit was obducted onto the lower unit and the two were then obducted together onto the Indian continental edge, with Nal Limestone deposited over the BO in Neogene times.
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Units citing this source
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- Geological significance: Xiong et al. (2011), remote-sensing (Landsat ETM+ and ASTER) lithological mapping: the Bela Ophiolite is the largest ophiolite in Pakistan and formed in two episodes - a lower unit at ~110 Ma and an upper unit (a classic ophiolite sequence) at ~66 Ma. The upper unit was obducted onto the lower unit, and the two were then obducted together onto the Indian continental edge, with Nal Limestone deposited over the complex in Neogene times. Their mapping differentiates two basalt types and recognises, for the first time, an ultramafic body (~66 deg 15' E, 26 deg 39' N) in the lower unit. Consistent with (and predating) the MOR-to-SSZ two-stage model of Ullah et al. (2026).