Source provenance
Umar, M., Betts, P., Khan, M.M.S., Sabir, M.A., Farooq, M., Zeb, A., Jadoon, U.K. & Ali, S. (2015). Signatures of Late Neoproterozoic Gondwana assembly and Marinoan glaciation in Lesser Himalaya: a palaeogeographical and stratigraphical approach. Acta Geologica Polonica, 65(1), 1-19.
Cited by 4 units (4 published) · 10 field-level citations · 5 revision notes.
Stratigraphical, facies and palaeogeographical analysis of the Late Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian succession of the Hazara Basin (Lesser Himalaya, N Pakistan): the deep-marine turbidite Hazara Formation (Rb/Sr 765+/-20 and 950+/-20 Ma), the shallow-marine Tanawal Formation (up to 900 m, condensed eastward), the glaciogenic Tanaki Boulder Bed (Marinoan glaciation, ~605-595 Ma) and the Cambrian Abbottabad Formation. Correlates these with the Chandpur/Shimla, Nagthat, Blaini and Krol units of the Indian Lesser Himalaya and the Madiyi/Hetong, Wuqiangxi and Doushantuo units of South China, arguing for proximity of Lesser Himalaya and South China during Rodinia break-up and Gondwana assembly.
This page is the reverse of each unit's per-field citations — it shows exactly what this reference supports, making the dataset's “no source, no fact” rule browsable both ways.
Units citing this source
-
- Geological significance: Umar et al. (2015): the Cambrian Abbottabad Formation (sandstone, dolomite, shale, phosphate and chert nodules) overlies the glaciogenic Tanaki Boulder Bed and is correlated - across a shared basal unconformity - with the Krol Group of the Indian Lesser Himalaya and the Doushantuo Formation of South China, which share its mudstone-sandstone-dolomite-phosphate-chert lithofacies and Neoproterozoic-Cambrian biota.
-
- Depositional environment: Umar et al. (2015): facies analysis of six Hazara-Basin sections shows the Hazara Formation (shale, siltstone and sandstone; base not exposed; Rb/Sr 765+/-20 and 950+/-20 Ma, Crawford & Davies 1975) was deposited in a deep-marine turbidite system - complete and incomplete Bouma sequences, with a proximal inner fan and submarine channels in the south passing north-northwest into outer-fan lobes and base-of-slope/basin-floor turbidites; palaeocurrents flow north-northwest, indicating sediment supply from the south-southeast (inferred Aravalli-Bundelkhand craton source).
- Geological significance: Umar et al. (2015): the Hazara Formation correlates with the Chandpur Formation / Shimla Group of the Indian Lesser Himalaya and the Madiyi / Hetong formations of South China (all fine-grained deep-marine Late Neoproterozoic successions), a correlation used to argue that South China lay close to the northwestern margin of India during Rodinia break-up and Gondwana assembly.
- AgeEraPeriodLithologyType localityLower contact (overlies)Upper contact (underlies)Introduced byGeological significancePlain summary
-
- Depositional environment: Umar et al. (2015): the Tanawal Formation (sandstone/quartzite and shale) records shallow-marine deposition from deeper-shelf to shoreface - maroon shale and bioturbated/laminated sandstone at the base passing up into hummocky, large-scale planar and trough cross-stratified shoreface sandstones in an overall upward-coarsening (shoaling) succession; facies pass laterally from proximal shoreface (south-southeast) to distal deeper shelf (north-northwest). It is interpreted as a passive-margin deposit.
- Geological significance: Umar et al. (2015): the Tanawal Formation overlies the Hazara Formation across an unconformity marked by a ~15 m conglomerate of Hazara-derived clasts (episodic uplift and erosion in the latest Neoproterozoic). It reaches up to ~900 m in the west but thins eastward to a condensed section of maroon shale, siltstone and thin sandstone (reinterpreted here as sediment-starvation by local subsidence, not the ~80 Myr erosional gap of earlier workers). Correlated with the Nagthat Formation (India) and the Wuqiangxi / Gong Dong formations (South China).