Source provenance
Rehman, S.U., Munawar, M.J., Shah, M.M., Ahsan, N., Kashif, M., Janjuhah, H.T., Lianou, V. & Kontakiotis, G. (2023). Diagenetic Evolution of Upper Cretaceous Kawagarh Carbonates from Attock Hazara Fold and Thrust Belt, Pakistan. Minerals, 13, 1438.
Cited by 1 unit (1 published) · 0 field-level citations · 2 revision notes.
Reviewer-supplied open access. Sedimentology, microfacies and diagenetic history of the Upper Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation in the Attock-Hazara Fold-Thrust Belt, motivated by a 2021 hydrocarbon discovery in the formation. Documents a shallow open-marine, well-oxygenated Neo-Tethyan carbonate ramp (inner-to-outer-ramp microfacies; limestone with marl and subordinate dolomite, lateritised top) and a diagenetic paragenesis of early calcite cementation (pre-compaction), aragonite dissolution/microspar, fault-related hydrothermal dolomitization (negative d18O), stylolitisation and fracture calcite controlling reservoir quality.
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Units citing this source
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- Economic importance: Rehman et al. (2023): a 2021 hydrocarbon discovery in the Kawagarh Formation established it as a carbonate reservoir target in the Attock-Hazara Fold-Thrust Belt and motivated a detailed diagenetic-reservoir study. Reservoir quality is controlled by a diagenetic paragenesis of early calcite cementation (predating mechanical compaction, as shown by uncompacted wackestone/mudstone versus late-compacted lithified packstone), aragonite dissolution reprecipitated as microspar, fault-related hydrothermal dolomitization (with strongly negative δ18O values) forming dolomitization fronts, stylolitisation, and uplift-related fracturing with fracture calcite.
- Depositional environment: Rehman et al. (2023): faunal content and microfacies indicate the Kawagarh Formation was deposited in the Neo-Tethys under shallow, open-marine, well-oxygenated conditions on a carbonate ramp — a limestone-and-marl succession with subordinate dolomite, passing from inner-ramp through mid-ramp to outer-ramp microfacies, with lateritisation developed at the top of the formation in the Attock-Hazara Fold-Thrust Belt.