Source provenance
Pogue, K.R., Hylland, M.D., Yeats, R.S., Khattak, W.U. & Hussain, A. (1999). Stratigraphic and structural framework of Himalayan foothills, northern Pakistan. In: Macfarlane, A., Sorkhabi, R.B. & Quade, J. (eds) Himalaya and Tibet: Mountain Roots to Mountain Tops. Geological Society of America Special Paper 328, 257-274.
Cited by 4 units (4 published) · 0 field-level citations · 4 revision notes.
Refined stratigraphic/structural framework of the Peshawar-basin / Attock-Cherat-Gandghar region between the MBT and MMT. Defines and orders the Precambrian-Paleozoic succession of the Indian-plate footwall: Gandaf Formation (carbonaceous phyllite/schist/marble, oldest of the Panjal-Khairabad block, type at Gandaf 3 km N of Tarbela) -> Manki Formation (>1000 m argillite/slate/phyllite) -> Shahkot, Utch Khattak (stromatolitic) and Shekhai formations -> Sobrah Formation -> Tanawal Formation (metaclastic, feldspathic-sandstone protolith). The Hazara (Dakhner) Formation and its metamorphosed equivalents form the basal unit.
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Units citing this source
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- Type locality: Pogue et al. (1999): the Gandaf Formation — >500 m of carbonaceous and calcareous phyllite, schist and carbonaceous marble with interbedded muscovite-chlorite-quartz schist — is named for the village of Gandaf, ~3 km north of Tarbela dam. It is the oldest exposed unit of the Panjal–Khairabad block (apart from Early Proterozoic crystalline rocks near Besham) and passes transitionally up into the Manki Formation.
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- Synonyms: Pogue et al. (1999) use 'Hazara (Dakhner) Formation', i.e. the Dakhner Formation as a local/metamorphosed equivalent name for the Hazara Formation in the Peshawar-basin region. Recorded as an equivalent name (the curated synonyms array is retained).
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- Lithology: Pogue et al. (1999): the Manki Formation is >1,000 m of argillite, slate, phyllite and argillaceous meta-siltstone overlying the Gandaf Formation in the Gandghar Range and forming the oldest exposures in the Attock–Cherat Range; it is overlain by the limestone-and-argillite Shahkot, Utch Khattak (stromatolitic) and Shekhai formations.
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- Lithology: Pogue et al. (1999): the Tanawal Formation is a metaclastic unit with a protolith of feldspathic sandstone, siltstone and shale; lithologies range from quartzite and argillite near Tarbela dam to schistose quartzite and quartz-mica schist near Mansehra (increasing metamorphic grade). The Sobrah Formation (arenaceous/dolomitic marble and quartzite) lies between the Manki and Tanawal formations on the NW Gandghar Range.