Source provenance
Pogue, K.R., Harris, A.G. & Hussain, A. (1992). Paleozoic and Mesozoic stratigraphy of the Peshawar basin, Pakistan: Correlations and implications. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 104(8), 915-927.
Cited by 10 units (9 published) · 11 field-level citations · 9 revision notes.
Conodont-based (A.G. Harris) restratigraphy of the Peshawar-basin Palaeozoic-Mesozoic column: Tanawal Fm (Cambrian or older; ~3000 m quartzite/argillite; intruded by the 516 Ma Mansehra Granite) -> Ambar Fm (Cambrian? sandy dolomite, butcher-block weathering; = Sirban Fm) -> Misri Banda Quartzite (Ordovician; Cruziana rugosa, Skolithos) -> Panjpir Fm (Early-latest Silurian; first Silurian rocks documented in Pakistan) -> Nowshera Fm (Early-early Late Devonian reef; conodonts) -> Jafar Kandao Fm (latest Devonian-Middle Carboniferous; granitic-clast conglomerate = early-Carboniferous tectonism) -> Karapa Greenschist (NEW unit; metabasalt, = Panjal Traps) -> Kashala Fm (Late Triassic Carnian; = Kingriali Fm) -> Nikanai Ghar Fm (Late Triassic-Jurassic?). Devonian (Famennian) conodonts also reported from the Ali Masjid Fm (Khyber). All conodonts CAI 5-8 (very high thermal maturity). Interprets the Khairabad thrust as the Pakistan analogue of the MCT.
This page is the reverse of each unit's per-field citations — it shows exactly what this reference supports, making the dataset's “no source, no fact” rule browsable both ways.
Units citing this source
-
- Fossils: Pogue, Harris & Hussain (1992): conodonts (Icriodus, Palmatolepis aff. gracilis plexus, Polygnathus extralobatus, P. perplexus) from crinoidal limestone overlying the Ghundai Sar reef complex indicate a Late Devonian (Famennian, expansa Zone) age for the Ali Masjid Formation - corroborating the curated Late Devonian age with independent conodont control.
-
- Geological significance: Pogue, Harris & Hussain (1992; unit named by Pogue & Hussain 1986): the Ambar Formation is ~500 m of massive sandy dolomite with characteristic 'butcher-block' weathering and basal pisolitic beds. No conodonts were recovered, but microscopic shell debris in the pisoliths argues against a Late Proterozoic age and it is correlated on lithology with the Lower Cambrian Sirban Formation (upper Abbottabad Group) - hence a Cambrian(?) age. It unconformably overlies the Tanawal Formation and is overlain by the Misri Banda Quartzite.
-
- Age: Pogue, Harris & Hussain (1992; unit named by Pogue & Hussain 1986): conodonts (Protognathodus, Gnathodus semiglaber/pseudosemiglaber, Neogondolella cf. donbasica, Rhachistognathus) date the Jafar Kandao Formation as latest Devonian to Middle Carboniferous (late Famennian/Tournaisian to Westphalian B). About 1,100 m of argillite with lenses of limestone, quartzite and conglomerate; a granitic-clast conglomerate records an early-Carboniferous tectonic/uplift episode. Overlies the Nowshera Formation and is overlain by the Karapa Greenschist.
- Paleozoic Karapa GreenschistLithologyGeological significancePlain summaryAgeEra
- Era: Assigned era = Paleozoic by the older-bound rule for boundary-straddling units: the age is only bracketed by the bounding Jafar Kandao and Kashala formations as Late Carboniferous to Late Triassic, so the older bound (Late Carboniferous, Paleozoic) is used; period/epoch left unset as the bracket spans multiple periods.
-
- Age: Pogue, Harris & Hussain (1992): conodonts (Neogondolella polygnathiformis augusta) from marble horizons date the Kashala Formation as Late Triassic (Carnian). About 1,300 m of massive brown-weathering marble alternating with marble and calcareous phyllite (>1,500 m north of Rustam); part of the Alpurai Group of Swat, correlated with the Kingriali Formation of the Salt Range, and intruded near Baroch by the Ambela Granitic Complex.
- AgeEraPeriodFossilsGeological significancePlain summary
-
- Age: Pogue, Harris & Hussain (1992): the Nikanai Ghar Formation (~1,050 m of white-to-grey marble weathering to distinctive white cliffs) overlies the Carnian Kashala Formation and is assigned a Late Triassic and Jurassic(?) age - but the Jurassic part rests only on a single questionable palaeoniscoid fish tooth and is explicitly tentative.
-
- Age: Pogue, Harris & Hussain (1992): conodonts (Belodella devonica, Icriodus corniger/struvei plexus, Polygnathus, Ancyrodella cf. buckeyensis) date the Nowshera Formation as Early to early Late Devonian (Lochkovian to Frasnian) - the first evidence of these ages in Pakistan south of the Main Karakoram Thrust. About 1,150 m of sandy dolomite, calcareous/dolomitic quartzite and fossiliferous reef limestone (the classic Nowshera Devonian reef); redefined by Pogue & Hussain (1986) to include quartzites Stauffer had mapped as Misri Banda.
-
- Age: Pogue, Harris & Hussain (1992): extensive conodont faunas (Ozarkodina excavata, O. remscheidensis, Kockelella variabilis, Polygnathoides siluricus, Oulodus, Walliserodus, etc.) date the Panjpir Formation as Early to latest Silurian (Llandoverian to Pridolian) - the first documented evidence of Early and Middle Silurian rocks in Pakistan. About 875 m of dark argillite, phyllite and metasiltstone with an upper crinoidal-orthoceratid limestone; unconformable on the Misri Banda Quartzite and overlain by the Nowshera Formation.
-
- Age: Pogue, Harris & Hussain (1992): the Tanawal Formation is Cambrian or older - it is intruded by the Mansehra Granite (Rb/Sr whole-rock 516 +/- 16 Ma; Le Fort et al. 1980). About 3,000 m of interbedded quartzite and argillite with rare limestone lenses (cross-bedded quartzite, ripple-marked interfaces); it unconformably overlies graphitic phyllite/marble correlated with the Salkhala Formation and is overlain by the Ambar Formation (or, north of Swabi, directly by the Misri Banda Quartzite). Its high-grade counterpart in Swat is the Manglaur Formation.