Source provenance

Munir, M.-H., Baig, M.S. & Mirza, K. (2005-2006). Upper Cretaceous of Hazara and Paleogene Biostratigraphy of Azad Kashmir, North West Himalayas, Pakistan. Geological Bulletin of the Punjab University, 40-41, 69-87.

Cited by 6 units (6 published) · 0 field-level citations · 6 revision notes.

Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation (Hazara) and the Paleocene-Eocene succession of Azad Kashmir. Kawagarh: planktonic foraminifera (Globotruncana, Dicarinella, Rugoglobigerina, Heterohelix) give Coniacian-Campanian, extending to Maastrichtian-Lower Danian in the upper part; outer-neritic shelf on the north-subducting Neotethyan margin below the Kohistan arc. Hangu Formation deposited unconformably above, restricted shallow-marine to lagoonal (carbonaceous). Lockhart Limestone, Patala Formation, Margala Hill Limestone and Chorgali Formation form a Paleocene-Early Eocene shallow-marine larger-benthic-foraminiferal succession (Lockhartia, Operculina, Miscellanea, Ranikothalia, Assilina, Nummulites, Alveolina); the Paleocene-Eocene boundary is placed in the upper Patala, marked by the extinction of Lockhartia haimei and Miscellanea miscella and the appearance of Nummulites atacicus and N. mammillatus into the basal Margala Hill Limestone.

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Units citing this source

• Cenozoic Chorgali Formation Paleogene
  • Depositional environment: Munir, Baig & Mirza (2005-06): the Chorgali Formation forms the top of the Paleocene-Early Eocene shallow-marine carbonate succession of Azad Kashmir (above the Lockhart Limestone, Patala Formation and Margala Hill Limestone), carrying larger benthic foraminifera.
• Cenozoic Hangu Formation Paleogene
  • Depositional environment: Munir, Baig & Mirza (2005-06): in Hazara/Azad Kashmir the Paleocene Hangu Formation rests unconformably on the Kawagarh Formation and records partially transgressive, restricted shallow-marine to lagoonal (carbonaceous-shale) deposition, carrying a mixed Maastrichtian-Danian fauna.
• Mesozoic Kawagarh Formation Cretaceous
  • Depositional environment: Munir, Baig & Mirza (2005-06): planktonic foraminifera (Globotruncana, Dicarinella, Rugoglobigerina, Heterohelix) with benthics (Planularia, Lenticulina) date the Kawagarh Formation of Hazara as Coniacian-Campanian, extending into the Maastrichtian to Lower Danian in its upper part; it was deposited under outer-neritic shelf conditions on the north-subducting Neotethyan shelf below the Kohistan Island Arc, turning regressive toward the Maastrichtian.
• Cenozoic Lockhart Limestone Paleogene
  • Fossils: Munir, Baig & Mirza (2005-06): in Azad Kashmir the Paleocene-Early Eocene Lockhart Limestone carries larger benthic foraminifera (Lockhartia, Operculina, Miscellanea, Ranikothalia, Assilina, Nummulites, Alveolina) together with smaller benthics (Clavulina, Quinqueloculina, Spiroloculina) in a shallow-marine limestone.
• Cenozoic Margala Hill Limestone Paleogene
  • Fossils: Munir, Baig & Mirza (2005-06): the basal Margala Hill Limestone of Azad Kashmir carries earliest-Eocene Nummulites atacicus and N. mammillatus marking the top of the Paleocene-Eocene boundary interval, within the Paleocene-Early Eocene shallow-marine larger-benthic-foraminiferal succession (Lockhart-Patala-Margala Hill-Chorgali).
• Cenozoic Patala Formation Paleogene
  • Age: Munir, Baig & Mirza (2005-06): in Azad Kashmir the Paleocene-Eocene boundary lies within the upper Patala Formation, marked by the extinction of Lockhartia haimei and Miscellanea miscella and the first appearance of Nummulites atacicus and N. mammillatus (which continue into the basal Margala Hill Limestone).