Source provenance
Malkani, M.S. (2019). Cretaceous Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Open Journal of Geology, 9, 671-673.
Cited by 7 units (7 published) · 3 field-level citations · 8 revision notes.
Full-text (user-supplied). Single-author SciRP review of the Indus Basin Cretaceous. Used mainly as a corroborating source; the Vitakri Lameta / Sangiali Group nomenclature and the dinosaur taxonomy are the author's own usage and are contested in the wider literature, so facts unique to this paper are flagged as such via revisionNotes and not adopted over curated values. Distinctive, citable content: Deccan volcanic dust in the Early Paleocene Sangiali and Rakhi Gaj formations; the Vitakri Lameta Formation defined as the upper <=35 m of the former Pab Formation; Mekhtar Sandstone equated with the lower Goru sandstone; Chichali as an ammonite-bearing marine unit at the K/Pg boundary of the Upper Indus Basin.
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Units citing this source
- Fossils
- Fossils: Gap-fill (fossils field was empty). Malkani (2019) describes the Chichali Formation as an ammonite-bearing marine glauconitic shale and sandstone that, in the Upper Indus (Kohat-Potwar) Basin, forms one of the Cretaceous formations at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary.
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- Synonyms: Malkani (2019) correlates the latest-Cretaceous Indus Formation of the Upper Indus (Kohat-Potwar) Basin (coal, laterite, carbonaceous shale) with the Vitakri Lameta sediments of the Sulaiman/Kirthar basins and with the lower Hangu Formation, treating it as a terrestrial-to-deltaic unit spanning the K/Pg boundary. Correlation attributed to this author's framework.
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- Synonyms: Malkani (2019) equates the Mekhtar Sandstone with the lower Goru sandstone (quartzose sandstone) within the Lower Cretaceous Parh Group of the Sulaiman-Kirthar basins.
- ThicknessThickness (m)
- Lithology: Independently corroborated (Malkani 2019, Cretaceous Stratigraphy of Pakistan, OJG — independent of the Indian Plate Lexicon; and a Rakhi Nala provenance study): Upper Cretaceous, ~110-140 m of mainly fine- to coarse-grained sandstone with minor siltstone/mudstone/limestone (iron-cemented sandstone at top), type/reference section Rakhi Nala, eastern Sulaiman Range; deltaic-to-marine. Lifts this record off the indplex-only source. Literature-search-derived.
- Thickness (m): Thickness surfaced from the lithology note: the Moro Formation is ~110–140 m of mainly sandstone with minor siltstone/mudstone/limestone at Rakhi Nala (Malkani 2019, Cretaceous Stratigraphy of Pakistan — independent of the Indian Plate Lexicon). thicknessM is the range midpoint.
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- Geological significance: Malkani (2019) reports Deccan volcanic dust in the Rakhi Gaj Formation (grey-green sandstone and shale) at its Rakhi Gaj section, Dera Ghazi Khan; it forms the middle unit of the Early Paleocene Sangiali Group, recording the earliest-Paleocene transgression above the latest-Cretaceous Vitakri beds.
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- Geological significance: Malkani (2019) records the Early Paleocene Sangiali Formation as a bivalve-, nautiloid- and gastropod-bearing limestone and shale carrying Deccan volcanic dust, deposited during the earliest Paleocene marine transgression as the basal unit of his Sangiali Group (Sangiali-Rakhi Gaj-Dungan). The Deccan-dust association is a distinctive K/Pg-boundary marker in the western Sulaiman/Kirthar basins.
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- Synonyms: Malkani (2019) defines the Vitakri Lameta Formation as the upper part (up to ~35 m thick) of the former Pab Formation (formerly up to ~800 m), a latest-Cretaceous fluvial meandering-river / overbank red-bed unit (15-35 m, thickening WSW) hosting titanosaurian sauropods, abelisauroid theropods, mesoeucrocodylians and pterosaurs, capped by the K/Pg boundary. This Vitakri/Pab-top usage is the author's own nomenclature and is contested; recorded here for provenance, not adopted over the dataset's separate Vitakri and Pab units.