Source provenance

Khan, I.H. & Clyde, W.C. (2013). Lower Paleogene Tectonostratigraphy of Balochistan: Evidence for Time-Transgressive Late Paleocene-Early Eocene Uplift. Geosciences, 3(3), 466-501.

Cited by 4 units (4 published) · 12 field-level citations · 4 revision notes.

Peer-reviewed, open-access (MDPI, CC-BY). GSP + Univ. of New Hampshire. Lithofacies, paleoflow and sandstone-petrography study of the upper Paleocene-lower Eocene Ghazij Formation along the western Indian-plate suture (Quetta-Kalat-Kingri-Mughal Kot): a shallowing-upward synorogenic sequence, a late Paleocene-early Eocene unconformity, SE-directed paleocurrents (reversed from the Cretaceous) and a fold-thrust/suture provenance, read as the local response to initial India-Asia contact. Independent, clearly-licensed corroboration for the Balochistan Paleogene (Ghazij/Chamalang, Dungan, Kirthar).

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Units citing this source

• Cenozoic Chamalang (=Ghazij) Group Paleogene
  ThicknessThickness (m)Fossils
  • Depositional environment: Khan & Clyde (2013): the Ghazij Formation (= Chamalang Group) records an upper Paleocene-lower Eocene shallowing-upward synorogenic succession — proximal conglomerate (lower-Paleocene + Mesozoic clasts) in the west grading to distal sandstone/shale in the east, with deltaic and fluvial facies. Paleocurrents flow SE (reversed from the Cretaceous shelf), and sandstone petrography indicates a collision-suture/fold-thrust provenance. Its lower contact on the Dungan Group and upper contact with the Spintangi Limestone are both time-transgressive; a late Paleocene-early Eocene unconformity in the Quetta-Kalat region is read as the local response to initial India-Asia contact.
• Cenozoic Dungan Formation Paleogene
  • Upper contact (underlies): Khan & Clyde (2013): the Dungan Group/Formation is overlain by the synorogenic Ghazij Formation along a diachronous contact, its members locally correlating with parts of the Ghazij.
• Cenozoic Gurguri Formation Paleogene
  AgeEraPeriodEpochLower contact (overlies)Depositional environmentGeological significanceEconomic importancePlain summary
  • Geological significance: The Gurguri Sandstone is the proximal, coarse conglomeratic-sandstone facies of the lower Kuldana Formation deposited to the west-northwest close to the uplifting collision belt; it passes basin-ward (eastward) into the finer Mami Khel Clay facies of the upper Kuldana Formation, marking late-early to early-middle Eocene continental sedimentation during time-transgressive uplift (Khan & Clyde 2013).
• Cenozoic Kirthar Formation Paleogene
  • Lower contact (overlies): Khan & Clyde (2013): the middle Eocene Kirthar/Spintangi limestone overlies the Ghazij Formation along a time-transgressive contact that youngs away from the Axial Belt (Ghazij thins, the overlying limestone thickens, toward the Marri-Bugti Hills).