Source provenance

Kakar, D.M., Kasi, A.K., Kassi, A.M., Friis, H., Mohibullah, M. & Khan, S. (2016). Petrography and whole-rock geochemistry of the Oligocene–Miocene Khojak Formation, Khojak-Pishin Belt, Pakistan: implications on provenance and source-area weathering. Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences, 49(2).

Cited by 3 units (3 published) · 2 field-level citations · 5 revision notes.

Khojak Fm ~6,300 m in the Khojak-Pishin flysch belt (Katawaz basin); two members — lower Murgha Faqirzai (bedded sandstone/shale; distal turbidites in the Makran equivalent) and upper Shaigalu (fluvial-wave deltaic); Late Eocene-Early Miocene; recycled-orogen provenance from the early Himalaya (CIA ~77).

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Units citing this source

• Cenozoic Khojak Formation Paleogene
  Depositional environment
  • Member units: Kakar et al. (2016) and Yaseen et al. (2019, after Qayyum et al. 1996): in the Khojak–Pishin flysch belt the Khojak Formation comprises two members — a lower Murgha Faqirzai Member (regularly bedded sandstone and shale; distal turbidites in the Makran equivalent) and an upper Shaigalu Member (fluvial- to wave-dominated deltaic sandstone). Age Late Eocene to Early Miocene, mainly Oligocene, from fossils in the middle and upper parts.
  • Depositional environment: Kakar et al. (2016): a deltaic to submarine-fan (deep-marine turbidite) succession of the Katawaz remnant-ocean basin (Pishin–Katawaz / Khojak–Pishin flysch belt); the sandstones are recycled-orogen detritus derived from the early Himalayan orogen, moderately weathered (CIA ≈ 77).
  • Thickness: Kakar et al. (2016): the Khojak Formation reaches ~6,300 m in the Khojak–Pishin flysch belt — considerably thicker than the ~1,200 m recorded here for other sections. The curated thickness is retained pending a section-specific review; the flysch-belt figure is noted as a regional maximum.
• Cenozoic Murgha Faqirzai Formation Paleogene
  • Age: Competing interpretation — Kakar et al. (2016) and Yaseen et al. (2019), following Qayyum et al. (1996), treat the Murgha Faqirzai as the LOWER MEMBER of the Oligocene–Early Miocene Khojak Formation (regularly bedded sandstone and shale; distal turbidites in the Makran equivalent), rather than a separate Paleocene–Eocene formation. The curated formation rank and age are retained; the member usage within the Khojak Formation is recorded as an alternative.
• Cenozoic Shaigalu Member Paleogene–Neogene
  Depositional environment
  • Member units: Upper member of the Khojak Formation (Qayyum et al. 1996; Kazmi & Abbasi 2008; Kakar et al. 2016; Yaseen et al. 2019), above the Murgha Faqirzai Member. The GSP Karezat abstract (Waliullah et al.) instead uses ‘Shaigalu Formation (Miocene)’ — a rank/age alternative.