Source provenance

Hanif, M., Hart, M.B., Grimes, S.T. & Leng, M.J. (2012). Integrated stratigraphy and palaeoenvironment of the P/E boundary interval, Rakhi Nala section, Indus Basin (Pakistan). Arabian Journal of Geosciences.

Cited by 2 units (2 published) · 0 field-level citations · 3 revision notes.

Reviewer-supplied. Dinoflagellate-cyst biostratigraphy and carbon-isotope chemostratigraphy across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary in the Dungan Formation at Rakhi Nala (Lower Indus Basin); identifies the PETM carbon-isotope excursion and the Apectodinium acme (Zone Pak-DV), correlating the Dungan with the Patala Formation of the Upper Indus Basin.

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Units citing this source

• Cenozoic Dungan Formation Paleogene
  • Age: Hanif et al. (2012), Rakhi Nala (Lower Indus Basin): four dinoflagellate-cyst zones (Pak-DV to Pak-DVII of Köthe et al. 1988) span the P/E interval of the upper Dungan Formation; the Paleocene/Eocene boundary lies within Zone Pak-DVI, defined by the onset of the carbon-isotope excursion (CIE magnitude −1.7‰) of the PETM — recorded here for the first time in the Indus Basin. The Apectodinium acme (Zone Pak-DV) correlates globally with the PETM Apectodinium acme Zone.
  • Depositional environment: Jones (1997): micropalaeontology of the Dungan (Dunghan) bioclastic limestone points to a warm, shallow carbonate platform within the euphotic zone (no deeper than ~5–15 m; codiacean, dasycladacean and rhodophyte algae). At Rakhi Nala, however, Hanif et al. (2012) infer an uppermost-bathyal setting (≥200 m; Velasco-type benthonic fauna, planktonic p-ratio >90%) with a water column well connected to the wider Tethys, becoming suboxic near the CIE onset — recording strong lateral bathymetric variation within the formation.
• Cenozoic Patala Formation Paleogene
  • Age: Hanif et al. (2012): the dinocyst zones Pak-DV and Pak-DVI (late to latest Thanetian) and Pak-DVII (early Ypresian) recognised at Rakhi Nala correlate directly with the Pak-DV to Pak-DVII zones of Köthe et al. (1988) from the Patala Formation of the Upper Indus Basin, tying the top of the Dungan Formation to the Patala Formation across the basin. Apectodinium augustum (the PETM marker) is reported from the Patala at Nammal Gorge (Edwards 2007), though absent at Rakhi Nala.