Source provenance
Ghazanfar, M. & Chaudhry, M.N. (1985). Geology of Bhunja-Batakundi area, Kaghan Valley, District Mansehra, Pakistan. Geological Bulletin of the Punjab University, 20, 76-105.
Cited by 4 units (3 published) · 0 field-level citations · 4 revision notes.
First 1:17,000 mapping of the Kaghan Valley between Mahandari and Batakundi (~400 km²). Establishes the rock units and their tentative correlation, from south (younger) to north (older): Panjal Series volcanics + Shino/Sing/Bhunja marbles, Agglomeratic Slate (Chushal graphitic schist), Tanol (Jared quartzites), the Kaghan Formation (Biari, Doga, Phagal, Lohar Banda Marble, Kamalban, Kaghan Pelites, Rajwal, Paludaran, Batal) and the Sharda Group (Salkhala: Naran gneisses, Saiful Maluk Granite, Dharir migmatites). Regional metamorphism rises S→N from biotite through almandine to staurolite/kyanite grade; graphite, gypsum and marble are economic.
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Units citing this source
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- Lithology: Ghazanfar & Chaudhry (1985) map the Kaghan Formation (Cambrian–Precambrian) between Mahandari and Batakundi as the Biari, Doga, Phagal, Lohar Banda Marble, Kamalban, Kaghan Pelites (>90% of the unit), Rajwal, Paludaran graphitic schist and Batal units; regional metamorphism rises south-to-north from biotite through almandine to staurolite/kyanite grade, and graphite (Paludaran and Naran horizons), gypsum and marble are economic.
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- Lithology: In the Bhunja–Batakundi section of the Kaghan Valley the Panjal volcanics are dark greyish-green, fine-grained greenstones with chlorite porphyroblasts and altered pillow structures near Bhunja, with associated Shino, Sing and Bhunja marble/limestone bands (Ghazanfar & Chaudhry, 1985).
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- Lithology: In the Kaghan Valley the northernmost (oldest) rocks are correlated with the Sharda Group / Salkhala: Naran garnetiferous calc-pelitic and graphitic gneisses with the sheet-like Saiful Maluk Granite and Dharir migmatites (advanced anatexis) at staurolite–kyanite grade (Ghazanfar & Chaudhry, 1985).
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- Lithology: In the Kaghan Valley (Bhunja–Batakundi) the Tanol (Tanawal) Formation is represented by the Jared quartzites and quartz-mica schists — a light-brownish-grey arenaceous/psammitic sequence with dolerite sills, at biotite metamorphic grade (Ghazanfar & Chaudhry, 1985).