Source provenance

Gaetani, M., Le Fort, P., Tanoli, S., Angiolini, L., Nicora, A., Sciunnach, D. & Khan, A. (1996). Reconnaissance geology in Upper Chitral, Baroghil and Karambar districts (northern Karakorum, Pakistan). Geologische Rundschau, 85, 683-704.

Cited by 4 units (4 published) · 7 field-level citations · 4 revision notes.

FULL TEXT REVIEWED (born-digital). Primary reconnaissance mapping of Upper Chitral / northern Karakoram (Mastuj to Imit, 1992 expedition). Defines the Northern Sedimentary Belt (NSB) as thrust stacks and introduces the Axial unit and the Baroghil unit; introduces the Chilmarabad Formation (type locality Chilmarabad). Documents the Wakhan slates (term of Hayden 1915): thick succession of dark/carbonaceous quartzitic black slates with subordinate siltite, sandstone (ripple marks) and white quartzite, from Tirich Mir W to the Chapursan valley where they may continue as the Misgar slates (possible younger synonym, Desio 1963); mainly Palaeozoic with fossil evidence for Permian (Kafarskyi) and Early Triassic (Buchroithner 1980; Abdullah & Chmyriov 1980); intruded by the East Hindu Kush batholith (Shushar pluton, Jurassic K/Ar muscovite). Also treats Gircha, Shogram, Ailak, Lashkargaz, Yarkhun, Gharil, Darkot Group and Chapursan Group. Authoritative primary corroboration for the Chitral/Karakoram NSB units already held, and a second (primary) source supporting the Wakhan Formation add (age refined to Palaeozoic-Early Triassic).

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Units citing this source

• Paleozoic Atark Formation Permian
  Fossils
  • Age: Gaetani et al. (1996) (after Gaetani & Leven 1993; term introduced Buchroithner 1978): the Atark unit is mostly whitish massive dolostone and limestone, incipiently marbleised and tightly folded; megalodonts and dasycladacean algae near Aliabad indicate a Triassic age, while a Permian section with megalodonts and possibly rudists at Rosh Gol extends the range, together suggesting an age span from the Permian to ?Cretaceous (broader than the Permian-Triassic recorded here). Exposed in Chitral between the Tirich Mir fault and a fault to the north, disappearing east of Lasht.
• Paleozoic Baroghil Group Ordovician–Silurian
  • Age: Gaetani et al. (1996) introduced the 'Baroghil unit' as the most complete upper-crustal section of the Karakorum: a crystalline basement intruded by granite and transgressed by more than 4 km of sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Ordovician to Jurassic, forming a south-thrust north-dipping monocline; the measured section along the Baroghil ridge slightly exceeds 1000 m. The Baroghil Group as recorded here corresponds to the lower (Ordovician-Silurian) part of that succession.
• Mesozoic Reshun Formation Cretaceous
  • Age: Gaetani et al. (1996): the Reshun conglomerate forms a belt from Chitral to the Karambar valleys; no direct age control was obtained, but it is inferred to be Cretaceous, younger than the Orbitolina limestones because reworked clasts carry orbitolinid foraminifera. Corroborates the Cretaceous assignment.
• Paleozoic Wakhan Formation
  AgeEraLithologyType localityDescriptionIntroduced by
  • Lithology: Gaetani et al. (1996): the Wakhan slates (Hayden 1915) are a huge succession of dark/carbonaceous quartzitic black slates with subordinate siltite, sandstone (ripple marks) and white quartzite, from Tirich Mir W to the Chapursan valley (continuing as the Misgar slates, a possible younger synonym). Mainly Palaeozoic, with fossil evidence for Permian and Early Triassic; intruded by the East Hindu Kush batholith (Shushar pluton, Jurassic K/Ar muscovite).