Source provenance

Chaudhry, M.N., Ghazanfar, M. & Hussain, M.S. (1989). Petrography, Metamorphism, Nature and Origin of Agglomeratic Slate in Kaghan Valley, District Mansehra, Pakistan. Geological Bulletin of the Punjab University, 24, 61-70.

Cited by 3 units (3 published) · 1 field-level citation · 4 revision notes.

Petrography, metamorphism and origin of the Agglomeratic Slate (named by Middlemiss 1910-1911; 'Chushal Formation' of Bossart et al. 1984) in the Kaghan Valley, District Mansehra. A highly heterogeneous, greenschist-facies (biotite-grade) unit of graphitic schist, feldspathic/micaceous quartzite, pelitic schist, feldspathic chlorite-calcite schist, marble and metaconglomerate, with devitrified volcanic (volcanogenic) matter. Upper Carboniferous to Permian; underlain by the Tanawal (Tanol) Formation and overlain by the Panjal Formation; correlative of the Agglomeratic Slate of Kashmir and part of the Panjal series. Origin is historically contested (volcanic vs glacial); the authors interpret mixed volcanic, volcanogenic, continental, glacial and marine facies deposited during rifting of the NW Indian margin under subarctic conditions (supporting Wadia 1931, 1975).

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Units citing this source

• Paleozoic Chushal Formation Carboniferous
  Description
  • Lithology: Chaudhry, Ghazanfar & Hussain (1989): the Chushal Formation (Agglomeratic Slate) of the Kaghan Valley is a highly heterogeneous, greenschist-facies (biotite-grade) assemblage of graphitic schist, feldspathic and micaceous quartzite, pelitic schist, feldspathic chlorite-calcite schist, marble and metaconglomerate, containing devitrified cryptocrystalline volcanogenic (volcanic-derived) matter.
  • Geological significance: Chaudhry et al. (1989): named the Agglomeratic Slate by Middlemiss (1910-1911) and the 'Chushal Formation' by Bossart et al. (1984), it is the Kaghan (District Mansehra) equivalent of the Agglomeratic Slate of Kashmir and part of the Panjal series. It is underlain by the Tanawal (Tanol) Formation (contact often faulted, locally gradational) and overlain by the Panjal Formation. Its origin is historically contested (explosive-volcanic vs glacial); the authors interpret mixed volcanic, volcanogenic, continental, glacial and marine facies deposited during rifting of the NW Indian margin under subarctic conditions (supporting Wadia 1931, 1975). Age Upper Carboniferous to Permian.
• Paleozoic Panjal Formation Carboniferous–Permian
  • Geological significance: Chaudhry et al. (1989): in the Kaghan Valley the Panjal Formation overlies the Agglomeratic Slate (Chushal Formation) and, together with it and associated metabasites showing relic pillow structures, constitutes the Panjal series.
• Precambrian Tanawal Formation Neoproterozoic
  • Geological significance: Chaudhry et al. (1989): in the Kaghan Valley the Tanawal (Tanol) Formation (psammitic-pelitic schists and quartzites) underlies the Agglomeratic Slate (Chushal Formation); their contact is often faulted but is locally gradational (Middlemiss 1911, Wadia 1931).