Source provenance
Calkins, J.A. (1967). The Geology of the Western Limb of the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, West Pakistan and Kashmir. U.S. Geological Survey, open-file report.
Primary Full text read 1967
Cited by 3 units (3 published) · 0 field-level citations · 3 revision notes.
Classic USGS mapping of the western limb of the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis; source for Precambrian-Cambrian Hazara/Tanawal/Abbottabad succession and its structural setting.
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Units citing this source
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- Age: Calkins (1967, western limb of the Hazara-Kashmir syntaxis): Marks & Ali (1962) named the Abbottabad Formation from the dolomite-and-sandstone sequence on Sirban Hill (~1 mile SE of Abbottabad), superseding Middlemiss's (1896) 'Infratrias'; Calkins then assigned it a Carboniferous-Permian age — a historical assignment now revised, the formation being regarded as Early Cambrian.
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- Lithology: Calkins (1967): the Hazara Formation is a thick, widespread sequence of black and brown slate, phyllite and graywacke sandstone of Precambrian age underlying large tracts between Kashmir and the Indus River; earlier names include the 'Attock Slates' (Waagen & Wynne 1872) and the 'Slate Series of Hazara' (Middlemiss).
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- Introduced by: Calkins (1967): the Tanawal Formation — originally Wynne's (1879) 'Tanol Group', named from the former Tanol (Tanawal) tribal area north of Haripur — is the quartzose-schist sequence overlying the Hazara Formation west of Abbottabad; Calkins assigned it a Silurian-Devonian age.