Source provenance

Butt, A.A. (1989). An Overview of the Hazara Arc Stratigraphy, Northern Pakistan. Geological Bulletin of the Punjab University, 24, 1-11.

Cited by 9 units (9 published) · 0 field-level citations · 9 revision notes.

Stratigraphic overview of the Hazara Arc (western limb of the Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis; bounded by the Panjal Thrust N and the MBT/Murree Fault S). Precambrian Hazara Formation (turbidites with stromatolitic Langrial and Miranjani algal-limestone bands) -> Cambrian Abbottabad Formation (five members: Tanakki conglomerate, Sangargali red sandstone/shale, Mahmdagali/Mehrdagali pink dolomite, Mirpur red sandstone/shale, Sirban off-white cherty dolomite - correlated with the Salt Range Cambrian via Redlichia and Hyolithes) -> glauconitic Hazira Formation (Hyolithes) -> Shekhan Bandi Formation (haematitic; = Galdanian Fm of Latif 1970). A major hiatus then to Lower Jurassic Datta/Shinawari (ammonite Bouleiceras), Upper Jurassic Samana Suk (Nerinea, Cossmanea; oolitic), Chichali (anoxic black shale; Belemnopsis, Perisphinctes), Lower Cretaceous Lumshiwal (glauconitic), Upper Cretaceous Kawagarh (deep-water outer-neritic micrite), K-T laterite (Langrial Iron Ore/Changlagali Member), Paleocene Hangu/Lockhart/Patala, Eocene Margala Hill/Chorgali/Kuldana (red beds, southward shift of the trough), and Miocene Murree.

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Units citing this source

• Paleozoic Abbottabad Formation Cambrian
  • Geological significance: Butt (1989) subdivides the Cambrian Abbottabad Formation into five members (ascending): the basal Tanakki Conglomerate, the Sangargali red cross-bedded sandstone and shale, the Mahmdagali (Mehrdagali) pink dolomite, the Mirpur red sandstone and shale, and the topmost Sirban off-white cherty dolomite. It is correlated with the Salt Range Cambrian via the trilobite Redlichia (Kussak Formation) and the pteropod Hyolithes (Hazira Formation).
• Mesozoic Chichali Formation Jurassic-Cretaceous
  • Depositional environment: Butt (1989): the Chichali Formation is a black-shale facies deposited in a restricted, oxygen-deficient (anoxic) marine trough, with pyrite concretions, the belemnite Belemnopsis and the ammonite Perisphinctes indicating reducing conditions. Butt notes source-bed deposition occurred but the formation lacks a proper burial history and cannot be ranked as a source rock (his interpretation).
• Mesozoic Datta Formation Jurassic
  • Age: Butt (1989): in the Hazara Arc the Lower Jurassic Datta/Shinawari transgressive sediments were deposited only in a narrow subsiding mid-portion of the arc (around Baragali), resting on the Hazara Formation and marking a major Precambrian-to-Lower-Jurassic stratigraphic break; the ammonite genus Bouleiceras (Davies and Gardezi 1965) dates them.
• Cenozoic Hangu Formation Paleogene
  • Geological significance: Butt (1989): the basal-Paleocene (Danian) Hangu Formation is a shallow-shelf clastic (sandstone) unit deposited normally only in the Samana Range (type locality near Hangu town); in the Kala Chitta and Hazara ranges it was not deposited, residual laterite forming there instead - a paleogeographic contrast at the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition.
• Precambrian Hazara Formation Neoproterozoic
  • Geological significance: Butt (1989): the Precambrian Hazara Formation is the oldest exposed unit of the Hazara Arc - a thick turbidite sequence (graded bedding, cross-bedding, ripple marks, slump/ball-and-pillow structures) of alternating argillaceous and arenaceous beds with occasional stromatolitic (algal) limestone bands, notably the Langrial and Miranjani algal limestones. Type section at Baragali (Abbottabad-Nathiagali road); the name (Butt 1972) supersedes the 'Slate Series' of Middlemiss (1896) and 'Hazara Group' of Latif (1970). Its base is faulted (Nathiagali/Panjal thrust) and it is unconformably overlain by the Lower Jurassic.
• Paleozoic Hazira Formation Cambrian
  • Fossils: Butt (1989): the Cambrian Hazira Formation is glauconitic and carries the pteropod genus Hyolithes (Latif 1974) as an index fossil used for Salt Range correlation. It was the 'Hazira Member' of Gardezi and Ghazanfar (1965), later raised to formational rank; it overlies the Sirban Dolomite and is overlain by the Shekhan Bandi Formation (= Galdanian Formation of Latif 1970).
• Mesozoic Kawagarh Formation Cretaceous
  • Depositional environment: Butt (1989): the Upper Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation is a micritic, outer-neritic deposit (~100-200 m water depth) - the only record of deeper-water facies in the entire history of the Hazara Arc. Type locality Kawa Village in the Kawagarh Range (northern Kala Chitta); after a Maastrichtian non-deposition gap it is overlain by residual K-T laterite/pisolite and then the Upper Paleocene Lockhart Limestone.
• Cenozoic Kuldana Formation Paleogene
  • Geological significance: Butt (1989): the Middle Eocene Kuldana Formation is a red-bed facies of shallow-water origin whose distribution records a Middle Eocene southward shift of the Hazara trough toward the Potwar Basin; type locality Kuldana near Murree, with a good section at Daryagali.
• Mesozoic Samana Suk Formation Jurassic
  • Fossils: Butt (1989): in the Hazara Arc the Upper Jurassic Samana Suk Limestone is a shallow-shelf carbonate blanket with oolitic texture, secondary yellow dolomite patches and shelly layers of oysters, gastropods and bivalves; its Upper Jurassic age is fixed by the gastropod genera Nerinea and Cossmanea (Butt 1962).