Source provenance

Anczkiewicz, R., Burg, J.-P., Hussain, S.S., Dawood, H., Ghazanfar, M. & Chaudhry, M.N. (1998). Stratigraphy and structure of the Indus Suture in the Lower Swat, Pakistan, NW Himalaya. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 16(2-3), 225-238.

Cited by 5 units (5 published) · 0 field-level citations · 5 revision notes.

Stratigraphy and structure of the Indus Suture (Main Mantle Thrust) zone in Lower Swat: Indian-plate footwall (Swat granite-gneiss, Early Permian U-Pb ~276 Ma; Manglaur Schists, Precambrian-Cambrian; Alpurai Group/Schists - amphibolite to kyanite grade, with lower-part metabasalts = Panjal Trap; uppermost Saidu Schists, greenschist-facies graphitic phyllite/marble emplaced by normal faulting); the restricted Indus Suture Zone melange (sheared olistostrome, volcaniclastic meta-turbidites, interlayered blueschists/greenschists; blueschist 40Ar-39Ar 75-85 Ma = pre-collisional Cretaceous subduction; Shangla ultramafite with podiform chromitite = fore-arc mantle); and the Kohistan Island Arc (Kamila unit, gabbro/gabbro-norite) in the hanging wall. Post-collisional normal reactivation of the suture between ~37-40 and ~20 Ma.

This page is the reverse of each unit's per-field citations — it shows exactly what this reference supports, making the dataset's “no source, no fact” rule browsable both ways.

Units citing this source

• Paleozoic Alpurai Group
  • Geological significance: Anczkiewicz et al. (1998): the Alpurai Schists/Group (mica-garnet calc-schists) reach amphibolite facies up to kyanite grade (minimum ~550 C at 7 kbar) - not the greenschist grade of earlier work; their lower-part metabasalts likely represent the Permian Panjal Trap (Gondwana-break-up rifting). 40Ar-39Ar amphibole ages bracket the onset of post-collisional normal faulting on the Indus Suture at ~37-40 Ma.
• Mesozoic Kamila Amphibolite Belt Cretaceous
  • Geological significance: Anczkiewicz et al. (1998): in Lower Swat the Kamila unit (gabbro and gabbro-norite with cumulate textures) forms the base of the Kohistan Island Arc in the hanging wall of the Indus Suture / Main Mantle Thrust (Kohistan Thrust), recording southward thrusting; the arc accreted to Asia at ~102-75 Ma and was obducted onto the Indian plate at ~65-55 Ma.
• Precambrian Manglaur Formation Ediacaran
  • Geological significance: Anczkiewicz et al. (1998): in Lower Swat the Manglaur Schists (quartz-mica-garnet schists and micaceous quartzites, amphibolite/kyanite facies; believed Precambrian to Early Cambrian) are the structurally lowest Indian-plate unit and the pre-intrusion country rock of the Swat granite-gneiss (Early Permian, U-Pb ~276 Ma).
• Paleozoic Marghazar Formation Carboniferous
  • Lithology: Anczkiewicz et al. (1998): the Marghazar Formation forms the lower part of the Alpurai Schists - amphibolites and metapelites with granitoid sills/dikes and metabasaltic amphibolites, intruded by tourmaline-garnet microgranites (e.g. the Amlukdarra granite); its Middle Carboniferous to Permian levels are intruded by the Early Permian Swat granite.
• Mesozoic Saidu Formation Triassic–Jurassic
  • Geological significance: Anczkiewicz et al. (1998): the Saidu Schists (graphitic phyllites and marbles) are the uppermost Indian-plate unit in Lower Swat and the only one not reaching amphibolite grade (greenschist facies only), assigned Triassic or younger. Their basal contact is a normal shear zone: the grade contrast with the amphibolite-grade Alpurai Schists below implies a minimum 4-5 km of vertical offset, i.e. emplacement by extensional (normal) faulting on the reactivated suture.