Source provenance

Ahmad, S., Wadood, B., Khan, S., Ullah, A., Mustafa, G., Hanif, M. & Ullah, H. (2020). The sedimentological and stratigraphical analysis of the Paleocene to Early Eocene Dungan Formation, Kirthar Fold and Thrust Belt, Pakistan: implications for reservoir potential. Journal of Sedimentary Environments, 5, 477-503.

Cited by 1 unit (1 published) · 4 field-level citations · 5 revision notes.

Full text (user-supplied PDF). Independent primary sedimentology/microfacies + reservoir study of the Paleocene-Early Eocene Dungan Formation in the Kirthar Fold-and-Thrust Belt (Khuzdar/Sibi/Kalat, Lower Indus Basin). Four microfacies (Discocyclina-Nummulites-red algal packstone; Miliolid-Alveolina-red algal packstone; planktonic-benthic foraminiferal packstone; planktonic foraminiferal wackestone-packstone) record a carbonate-ramp system from restricted lagoon/inner ramp to open-marine/outer ramp; diagenesis (cementation reducing, dissolution + fracturing enhancing porosity/permeability) gives poor-to-moderate reservoir potential.

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Units citing this source

• Cenozoic Dungan Formation Paleogene
  Depositional environmentFossilsAgeEpoch
  • Geological significance: Ahmad et al. (2020), microfacies study in the Kirthar Fold-and-Thrust Belt (Khuzdar/Sibi/Kalat): the Paleocene–Early Eocene Dungan Formation carbonates (thick-bedded grey argillaceous limestone with larger + planktonic foraminifera, red algae and bryozoans) record four microfacies — Discocyclina–Nummulites–red-algal packstone (shallow lagoon/inner ramp), Miliolid–Alveolina–red-algal packstone (restricted lagoon), planktonic-benthic foraminiferal packstone, and planktonic foraminiferal wackestone-packstone (open-marine/outer ramp) — i.e. a carbonate-ramp system spanning restricted lagoon to open marine.
  • Economic importance: Ahmad et al. (2020): reservoir characterisation of the Dungan Formation carbonates — marine and burial cementation reduce primary porosity while dissolution and fracturing enhance porosity/permeability; plug-porosity/permeability data indicate an overall POOR-to-MODERATE reservoir potential.
  • Age: Ahmad et al. (2020): the Dungan Formation is Late Paleocene to Early Eocene (Latif 1964), spanning a second-order sea-level rise from the Middle Danian to the Ypresian — a Transgressive Systems Tract (Danian–Selandian) and a Regressive Systems Tract (Thanetian–Early Ypresian) of third-order cyclicity. Age extended from the previously recorded 'Late Paleocene' into the Early Eocene (consistent with Kazmi & Abbasi 2008, who note a local Early-Eocene extension).
  • Thickness: Ahmad et al. (2020): the Dungan Formation is 460 m thick in the Kirthar Fold-and-Thrust Belt study area (within the ~30–610 m regional range already recorded).
  • Fossils: Ahmad et al. (2020): the fauna comprises abundant larger benthic foraminifera (Alveolina, Nummulites, Discocyclina, Assilina, Ranikothalia, Miscellanea, Lockhartia), planktonic foraminifera (Morozovella — the basis for the Paleocene–Eocene dating), red (coralline) algae and bryozoans. Surfaced from the generic 'Larger foraminifera, Corals' into the specific taxa.