{ "dataset": "Pakistan Stratigraphy Explorer — Sulaiman Basin (Middle Indus)", "basin": "Sulaiman Basin (Middle Indus)", "provinces": [ "Sulaiman Fold Belt" ], "source": "https://stratigraphy.pk", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "generated": "2026-10-29", "count": 44, "units": [ { "id": "alozai-group", "name": "Alozai Group", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/alozai-group", "rank": "group", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Jurassic", "epoch": "Early–Middle Jurassic", "age": "Middle and Early Jurassic", "introducedBy": "Fatmi et al. (1990)", "typeLocality": "", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "", "lithology": "Jurassic shelf-carbonate and shale succession comprising the Loralai Formation over the Spingwar Formation.", "lithologyType": "shale", "environment": "", "basin": "Balochistan Basin", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "Allozai Formation", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 7 }, { "id": "baska-formation", "name": "Baska Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/baska-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Early Eocene", "age": "Eocene", "introducedBy": "Hemphill et al. (1973)", "typeLocality": "2 km east-northeast of Baska village", "coordinates": "31.4833, 70.1333", "lat": 31.4833, "lng": 70.1333, "thickness": "100m", "lithology": "Green to grey shale and claystone interbedded with alabaster (gypsum), gypsiferous limestone and marl.", "lithologyType": "shale", "environment": "restricted marine, evaporitic", "basin": "Sulaiman Basin", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Barbatia drougensis; Gosavia humberti", "synonyms": "", "economic": "Contains alabaster (gypsum) beds.", "economicResources": "Salt & evaporites", "overlies": "Toi Formation", "underlies": "Habib Rahi Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 7 }, { "id": "bibai-formation", "name": "Bibai Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/bibai-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Late Cretaceous", "age": "Late Cretaceous", "introducedBy": "Kazmi (1979)", "typeLocality": "Bibai Peak, Gogai area, northeast of Quetta, Balochistan", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "up to ~3,000 m (Ziarat region)", "lithology": "Two zones. Upper zone: thick volcanic-boulder conglomerate interbedded with ash beds and tuff, interfingering with coarse sandstone, argillaceous tuff and mudstone. Lower zone: interbedded agglomerate, tuff and basalt lava flows; its basal part is interbedded with the Parh Limestone.", "lithologyType": "volcanic", "environment": "marine, volcanic", "basin": "Sulaiman Basin", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "bivalves; brachiopods; gastropods", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Parh Limestone", "underlies": "Pab Sandstone", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 5 }, { "id": "bugti-formation", "name": "Bugti Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/bugti-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene-Neogene", "epoch": "Oligocene to Miocene", "age": "Oligocene to Miocene (Rupelian-Aquitanian; ~33.9-20.45 Ma)", "introducedBy": "(formalized from 'Bugti Beds'; = upper 'Upper Nari' Pilgrim 1908, 'Bugti Bone deposits' Cooper 1924)", "typeLocality": "North of Gandoi Post", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "Attains a maximum thickness of 300 m on the flanks of Zin anticline and gradually wedges out in all directions. m", "lithology": "Coarse-grained sandstone. It is composed of bright and varicolored sandstones with common interbeds of ferruginous conglomerates and yellow and red sandy silts. Some of the sandstones are pure white and soft with no apparent bedding; such beds increase in number upwards. Conglomerates occur in lower section where lenticular beds of tuff and ash are also present.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Very rich vertebrate fauna ('Bugti Beds')", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "", "underlies": "Drazinda Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 2 }, { "id": "chamalang-group", "name": "Chamalang (=Ghazij) Group", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/chamalang-group", "rank": "group", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Early Eocene", "age": "Eocene", "introducedBy": "Malkani (2010a)", "typeLocality": "Spintangi", "coordinates": "29.9517, 68.0833", "lat": 29.9517, "lng": 68.0833, "thickness": "≈780 m at Kingri to ≈1,372 m in the Mughal Kot area; thins toward the Marri-Bugti Hills", "lithology": "Thick shale with subordinate sandstone, limestone, coal, gypsum and laterite.", "lithologyType": "shale", "environment": "marginal marine, paralic", "basin": "Sulaiman Basin", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Early Eocene mammals", "synonyms": "Ghazij Group", "economic": "Hosts coal (Toi Formation) and gypsum (Baska Formation); the Ghazij shales form a regional seal.", "economicResources": "Seal; Coal & lignite; Salt & evaporites", "overlies": "", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 4 }, { "id": "chashmai-kharsai-formation", "name": "Chashmai Kharsai Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/chashmai-kharsai-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Early Cretaceous", "age": "Early Cretaceous", "introducedBy": "Ahmad et al. (2000)", "typeLocality": "Chashmai Kharsai, along the Mirali–Miran Shah road, North Waziristan Agency (32°58′36″N, 70°05′30″E).", "coordinates": "32.9767, 70.0917", "lat": 32.9767, "lng": 70.0917, "thickness": "30 m at the type locality (disconformable contact above the Isha Formation).", "lithology": "Belemnite-bearing shale.", "lithologyType": "shale", "environment": "marine", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Belemnites", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Isha Formation", "underlies": "Marsikhel Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 2 }, { "id": "chaudhwan-formation", "name": "Chaudhwan Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/chaudhwan-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Neogene", "epoch": "Pliocene–Pleistocene", "age": "Pliocene", "introducedBy": "Hemphill and Kidwai (1973)", "typeLocality": "Chaudhwan Zam, Sulaiman Range", "coordinates": "31.6167, 70.25", "lat": 31.6167, "lng": 70.25, "thickness": "~1,500–2,100 m", "lithology": "Mud, sandstone and conglomerate, becoming conglomerate-dominated upward.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "fluvial, alluvial, continental", "basin": "Sulaiman Basin", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "Source of gravel and sand for construction aggregate.", "economicResources": "Building stone", "overlies": "Litra Formation", "underlies": "Dada Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 6 }, { "id": "chiltan-limestone", "name": "Chiltan Limestone", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/chiltan-limestone", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Jurassic", "epoch": "Middle Jurassic", "age": "Middle to Late Jurassic (Bathonian-Oxfordian)", "introducedBy": "", "typeLocality": "Chiltan Peak, near Quetta", "coordinates": "30.1523, 66.9318", "lat": 30.1523, "lng": 66.9318, "thickness": "≈750–1,800 m in the Sulaiman Fold Belt, increasing westward", "lithology": "Thick shelf carbonate — pisolitic to oolitic limestone with reefal development in the upper part.", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "shallow marine, carbonate platform", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Corals", "synonyms": "", "economic": "A significant Middle Jurassic hydrocarbon reservoir of the Indus Basin (e.g. Zarghun South gas); its top unconformity hosts the Dilband oolitic iron ore.", "economicResources": "Reservoir; Metals & minerals", "overlies": "Shirinab Formation", "underlies": "Sembar Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 9 }, { "id": "chitarwata-formation", "name": "Chitarwatta Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/chitarwata-formation", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Late Oligocene–Early Miocene", "age": "Oligocene", "introducedBy": "Hemphill & Kidwai (1973)", "typeLocality": "Chitarwata Pass", "coordinates": "31.0561, 70.2456", "lat": 31.0561, "lng": 70.2456, "thickness": "200-500 m", "lithology": "Red, grey and green claystone and siltstone with a sandstone-rich, ripple-marked lower part.", "lithologyType": "claystone", "environment": "marginal marine, fluvial", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Mammal fossils; Plant fossils", "synonyms": "Chitarwatta; Chitarwata Formation", "economic": "Oligocene-Miocene coal lenses and showings (Khandor, Vihowa Rud); prospective for ochre / iron.", "economicResources": "Coal & lignite; Metals & minerals", "overlies": "Drazinda Formation", "underlies": "Vihowa Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 11 }, { "id": "drug-formation", "name": "Drug Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/drug-formation", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Early Eocene", "age": "Early Eocene (Ypresian)", "introducedBy": "Shah (1987)", "typeLocality": "Drug Tangi, 3 km northeast of Drug village", "coordinates": "30.8208, 70.2083", "lat": 30.8208, "lng": 70.2083, "thickness": "40–340 m", "lithology": "Largely orange, pale-olive to greenish-grey limestone interbedded with subordinate shale.", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "marine", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Walking whales (Ambulocetus); Basilosaurids; Larger foraminifera", "synonyms": "", "economic": "Paleontological heritage - whale evolution", "economicResources": "Other", "overlies": "Shaheed Ghat Formation", "underlies": "Toi Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 5 }, { "id": "dungan-formation", "name": "Dungan Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/dungan-formation", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Paleocene–Eocene", "age": "Late Paleocene to Early Eocene", "introducedBy": "Williams (1959)", "typeLocality": "Dungan, Sulaiman Range", "coordinates": "30.1439, 67.9925", "lat": 30.1439, "lng": 67.9925, "thickness": "30–610 m", "lithology": "Limestone with shale interbeds", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "shallow marine, carbonate ramp", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Larger benthic foraminifera (Alveolina, Nummulites, Discocyclina, Assilina, Ranikothalia, Miscellanea, Lockhartia); Planktonic foraminifera (Morozovella); Red algae; Bryozoans; Corals", "synonyms": "", "economic": "The Paleocene Dungan Limestone is a regional hydrocarbon reservoir in the Sulaiman fields.", "economicResources": "Reservoir", "overlies": "Rakhi Gaj Formation", "underlies": "Shaheed Ghat Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 12 }, { "id": "early-middle-eocene-kahan-group", "name": "Early-Middle Eocene Kahan Group", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/early-middle-eocene-kahan-group", "rank": "group", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Early–Middle Eocene", "age": "Eocene", "introducedBy": "Khan (2009)", "typeLocality": "Kahan", "coordinates": "29.2982, 68.9023", "lat": 29.2982, "lng": 68.9023, "thickness": "", "lithology": "Limestone and calcareous shale (Habib Rahi, Pirkoh) alternating with marl and shale (Domanda, Drazinda).", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "shallow marine", "basin": "Sulaiman Basin", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "The Pirkoh and Habib Rahi limestones are gas reservoirs; the Drazinda Shale yields celestite.", "economicResources": "Reservoir; Metals & minerals", "overlies": "", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 3 }, { "id": "fort-munro-formation", "name": "Fort Munro Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/fort-munro-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)", "age": "Cretaceous", "introducedBy": "Williams (1959)", "typeLocality": "Fort Munro, in the hills along the Fort Munro–Dera Ghazi Khan road, eastern Sulaiman Range (Rakhi Nala designated as reference section)", "coordinates": "29.9539, 70.1772", "lat": 29.9539, "lng": 70.1772, "thickness": "100m", "lithology": "Dark-grey, hard, thick-bedded limestone with marly and shaly interbeds in the Sulaiman area; grey to cream, thin-bedded above and thick-bedded to massive, reefoid below in the Kirthar area.", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "shallow marine, reef", "basin": "Sulaiman Basin", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Omphaocyclus sp; Orbitoides sp.", "synonyms": "", "economic": "Building-limestone source.", "economicResources": "Other", "overlies": "Mughal Kot Formation", "underlies": "Pab Sandstone", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 7 }, { "id": "ghazij-group", "name": "Ghazij Group", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/ghazij-group", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Eocene", "age": "Early Eocene", "introducedBy": "", "typeLocality": "Ghazij, Balochistan", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "500-1500 m", "lithology": "Shale, sandstone, coal, gypsum (deltaic to evaporitic)", "lithologyType": "shale", "environment": "deltaic, fluvial, marginal marine, evaporitic", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Plant fossils; Freshwater fauna; Marginal marine fauna", "synonyms": "", "economic": "Hosts the principal Eocene coal deposits of Pakistan, worked in the Mach, Sor Range, Sharigh, Pir Ismail Ziarat and Johan coal fields of Balochistan.", "economicResources": "Coal & lignite", "overlies": "Dungan Formation", "underlies": "Kahan Group", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 12 }, { "id": "goru-formation", "name": "Goru Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/goru-formation", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Early–Late Cretaceous", "age": "Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian)", "introducedBy": "Williams (1959)", "typeLocality": "Goru village", "coordinates": "27.802397, 66.831371", "lat": 27.802397, "lng": 66.831371, "thickness": "536 m (type locality)", "lithology": "Interbedded limestone, shale and siltstone; lower part shalier (thin-bedded light limestone with splintery grey-olive shale), upper part thin-bedded porcellaneous limestone; grades up into the Parh Limestone.", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "marine", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt; Kirthar Range; Sindh Province", "fossils": "Foraminifera; Ammonites; Bivalves", "synonyms": "", "economic": "The Lower Goru sands are a major gas reservoir of the Lower and Central Indus Basin (e.g. Sui, Mari, Sawan, Miano).", "economicResources": "Reservoir", "overlies": "Sembar Formation", "underlies": "Parh Limestone", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 9 }, { "id": "isha-formation", "name": "Isha Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/isha-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Jurassic", "epoch": "Middle to Late Jurassic", "age": "Middle to Late Jurassic (Bathonian-Kimmeridgian; ~168.17-149.24 Ma)", "introducedBy": "Ahmad et al. (2000)", "typeLocality": "Isha Check Post, North Waziristan", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "100 m at the type locality. m", "lithology": "The formation typically consists of thick bedded to massive limestone with minor shale intercalations. Limestone. At the type locality, the limestone is mostly dark grey to blue in color, and weathers to light grey and to brownish colors. At places, the limestone is thin to thick bedded, hard and contains some secondary calcite veins, chert nodules, ooides, pisolite and pellets. Its texture varie…", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Sarobi Formation", "underlies": "Chashmai Kharsai Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 3 }, { "id": "kaniguram-slate", "name": "Kaniguram Slate", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/kaniguram-slate", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Triassic", "epoch": "", "age": "Triassic (tentative; possibly equivalent to the Tani Formation)", "introducedBy": "Badshah et al. (2000)", "typeLocality": "Kaniguram–Makin area, South Waziristan, NW Pakistan.", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "", "lithology": "Greenish-grey and black, fine-grained, intensely fractured, splintery, thin- to thick-bedded slate.", "lithologyType": "metamorphic", "environment": "marine", "basin": "NW Indian plate margin", "region": "Kaniguram–Makin area, South Waziristan", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "Tani Formation (possible equivalent)", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 1 }, { "id": "khanozai-group", "name": "Khanozai Group", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/khanozai-group", "rank": "group", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Triassic", "epoch": "Triassic", "age": "Triassic", "introducedBy": "Fatmi et al. (1986)", "typeLocality": "", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "350 m", "lithology": "Dark-grey mudstone and shale with thin limestone, calcareous mudstone and sandstone.", "lithologyType": "mudstone", "environment": "marine", "basin": "Sulaiman Basin", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 3 }, { "id": "kirthar-group", "name": "Kirthar Group", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/kirthar-group", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Middle–Late Eocene", "age": "Middle to Late Eocene (Lutetian–Bartonian)", "introducedBy": "", "typeLocality": "Kirthar Range / Sulaiman Range", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "Several hundred metres (variable across the Sulaiman and Kohat basins).", "lithology": "Alternating shelf limestone and shale (Habib Rahi and Pirkoh limestones; Domanda and Drazinda shales).", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "shallow marine, shelf", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt; Kohat Basin", "fossils": "Larger benthic foraminifera (Nummulites, Assilina); Molluscs", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Ghazij Group", "underlies": "Chitarwatta Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 0 }, { "id": "korara-shale", "name": "Korara Shale", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/korara-shale", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "", "epoch": "", "age": "Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) to Paleocene (Montian); locally into the Lower Eocene", "introducedBy": "Korara Shale of the Jakkher Group (HSC 1960); foraminiferal biostratigraphy by Khursheed (1972).", "typeLocality": "Jakkher Lak (Map ref 35 O/2), Pab Range; measured reference section at Goth Allah Baksh, ~6 miles south of Jakkher Lak.", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "460 m (Goth Allah Baksh)", "lithology": "Dark grey to olive grey shale with traces of clayey, dark grey, fine-grained sandstone.", "lithologyType": "shale", "environment": "", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Kirthar Range; Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Globotruncana stuarti; Globotruncana gansseri; Pseudotextularia elegans; Heterohelix navarroensis; Guembelitria cretacea; Zeauvigerina aegyptica", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Pab Sandstone", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 1 }, { "id": "litra-formation", "name": "Litra Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/litra-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Neogene", "epoch": "Late Miocene", "age": "Miocene", "introducedBy": "Hemphill and Kidwai (1973)", "typeLocality": "Litra Nala, Sulaiman Range", "coordinates": "31.0167, 70.4167", "lat": 31.0167, "lng": 70.4167, "thickness": "~430 m (Litra Nala)", "lithology": "Greenish-grey sandstone with subordinate conglomerate and mudstone.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "fluvial, continental", "basin": "Sulaiman Basin", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Middle Siwalik mammals (incl. hipparionine horses)", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Vihowa Formation", "underlies": "Chaudhwan Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 9 }, { "id": "loralai-formation", "name": "Loralai Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/loralai-formation", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Jurassic", "epoch": "Late Triassic, may extend up to Middle Jurassic (Bajocian)", "age": "Early to Middle Jurassic", "introducedBy": "Hunting Survey Corporation (1960)", "typeLocality": "Loralai, Balochistan", "coordinates": "30.3669, 68.6001", "lat": 30.3669, "lng": 68.6001, "thickness": "300-500 m", "lithology": "Limestone, shale, marl", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "marine", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Ammonites; Belemnites; Bivalves; Foraminifera", "synonyms": "Loralai Limestone (HSC 1960; largely replaced by the Shirinab Formation, Fatmi 1977)", "economic": "The Jurassic Loralai Limestone hosts fluorite veins (Gadebar and Daman Ghar ranges, Loralai district) along faults and fractures; a building-limestone source.", "economicResources": "Metals & minerals", "overlies": "Triassic formations", "underlies": "Chiltan Limestone", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 9 }, { "id": "marsikhel-formation", "name": "Marsikhel Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/marsikhel-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Early to Middle Cretaceous", "age": "Early to Middle Cretaceous (Barremian-Albian; ~126.5-106.85 Ma)", "introducedBy": "Ahmad et al. (2000)", "typeLocality": "Marsi Khel village", "coordinates": "33.0417, 70.1750", "lat": 33.0417, "lng": 70.175, "thickness": "250 m thick at the type locality. m", "lithology": "Clayey limestone. It consists of light grey to dark grey, thin to medium-bedded limestone and greenish grey shale. In the lower portion, the limestone is micritic and arenaceous at places, and within the limestone alternate layers of light green shale are present, which are rich in belemnites. Ferruginous and calcareous sandstone is also present near the base.", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Belemnites", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Chashmai Kharsai Formation", "underlies": "Zerghar Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 3 }, { "id": "mazar-drik-formation", "name": "Mazar Drik Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/mazar-drik-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Jurassic", "epoch": "Middle Jurassic", "age": "Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian–early Callovian)", "introducedBy": "", "typeLocality": "", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "less than 30 m at Mazar Drik (Marri hills type area)", "lithology": "Interbedded grey limestone and dark shale.", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "marine", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Early Callovian fauna (upper part)", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Chiltan Limestone", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 3 }, { "id": "mona-jhal-group", "name": "Mona Jhal Group", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/mona-jhal-group", "rank": "group", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Early–Late Cretaceous", "age": "Cretaceous", "introducedBy": "", "typeLocality": "Parh Range, Sulaiman", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "200-600 m", "lithology": "Black shale (Sembar), limestone-shale-siltstone (Goru), sandstone (Mekhtar) and pelagic limestone (Parh).", "lithologyType": "shale", "environment": "marine", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt; Kirthar Range", "fossils": "Planktic foraminifera; Ammonites", "synonyms": "Parh Group", "economic": "Contains the Sembar source rock and Lower Goru reservoir — the core of the Indus Basin petroleum system.", "economicResources": "Source rock; Reservoir", "overlies": "Goru Formation", "underlies": "Mughal Kot Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 5 }, { "id": "mughal-kot-formation", "name": "Mughal Kot Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/mughal-kot-formation", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian)", "age": "Late Cretaceous (Campanian)", "introducedBy": "Williams (1959)", "typeLocality": "Mughal Kot, Sulaiman Range", "coordinates": "31.8669, 69.7214", "lat": 31.8669, "lng": 69.7214, "thickness": "200-500 m", "lithology": "Grey calcareous shale and mudstone with intercalations of arkosic sandstone and grey argillaceous limestone; sandier in the Sulaiman area, shalier in the Kirthar area.", "lithologyType": "shale", "environment": "marine", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Ammonites; Foraminifera; Bivalves", "synonyms": "Moghal Kot", "economic": "Petroleum seeps (Mughal Kot); prospective for uranium; a building-sandstone source.", "economicResources": "Metals & minerals", "overlies": "Parh Limestone", "underlies": "Fort Munro Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 10 }, { "id": "pab-sandstone", "name": "Pab Sandstone", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/pab-sandstone", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)", "age": "Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)", "introducedBy": "Vredenburg (1909)", "typeLocality": "West of Wirahab Nai, Pab Range", "coordinates": "25.5200, 67.0053", "lat": 25.52, "lng": 67.0053, "thickness": "240–1,000 m (490 m at the Pab Range type section)", "lithology": "White, cream or brown, thick-bedded to massive, cross-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained quartzose sandstone with subordinate argillaceous limestone and shale.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "marginal marine, deltaic", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt; Kirthar Range; Bela-Khuzdar", "fossils": "Bivalves; Gastropods; Trace fossils", "synonyms": "", "economic": "A major quartzose-sandstone hydrocarbon reservoir in the Lower Indus Basin.", "economicResources": "Reservoir", "overlies": "Fort Munro Formation", "underlies": "Moro Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 14 }, { "id": "parh-limestone", "name": "Parh Limestone", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/parh-limestone", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Late Cretaceous (Barremian–Maastrichtian)", "age": "Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian)", "introducedBy": "Blanford (1879)", "typeLocality": "Parh, Sulaiman Range", "coordinates": "26.9125, 67.0958", "lat": 26.9125, "lng": 67.0958, "thickness": "100-300 m", "lithology": "Very uniform, persistent, thin-bedded light-grey, white or cream porcellaneous limestone with a characteristic pink-purple-maroon band and interbeds of variegated shale and marl.", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "pelagic marine", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt; Kirthar Range", "fossils": "Planktonic foraminifera (Globotruncana spp.)", "synonyms": "", "economic": "Building-limestone source; the Ziarat laterite (ochre pigment) forms on its weathered contact with the Dungan Limestone (Kach-Sanjawi).", "economicResources": "Metals & minerals", "overlies": "Goru Formation", "underlies": "Mughal Kot Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 7 }, { "id": "rakhi-gaj-formation", "name": "Rakhi Gaj Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/rakhi-gaj-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Middle Paleocene", "age": "Paleocene", "introducedBy": "Malkani (2010a)", "typeLocality": "Rakhi Nala, Sulaiman Range", "coordinates": "29.9539, 70.1917", "lat": 29.9539, "lng": 70.1917, "thickness": "about 100m", "lithology": "70° 04' 40'' E) where it consists of thick and resistant beds of sandstone with minor shale.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "marine", "basin": "Sulaiman Basin", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Globogerina pseudobulloides; Howecythereis multispinosa; Paracypris rectoventra", "synonyms": "", "economic": "Glauconitic and hematitic sandstone (Gorge beds) with anomalous iron (14-21%) and probable potash; prospective for uranium; thin aragonite in associated shale.", "economicResources": "Salt & evaporites; Metals & minerals", "overlies": "Sangiali Formation", "underlies": "Dungan Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 6 }, { "id": "ranikot-group", "name": "Ranikot Group", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/ranikot-group", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Paleocene", "age": "Paleocene", "introducedBy": "Blanford (1876); Vredenburg (1909)", "typeLocality": "Ranikot, Sindh (approx. 25°54'N, 67°54'E)", "coordinates": "25.9000, 67.9000", "lat": 25.9, "lng": 67.9, "thickness": "300-600 m", "lithology": "Sandstone, shale and limestone with coal, carbonaceous beds and basaltic lava flows.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "marine, paralic", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Kirthar Range; Sindh Province; Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Larger foraminifera; Gastropods; Plant fossils in upper part", "synonyms": "Ranikot Formation", "economic": "Includes the coal-bearing Bara Formation — the principal Sindh (Lower Indus) coalfields.", "economicResources": "Coal & lignite", "overlies": "Pab Sandstone", "underlies": "Laki Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 7 }, { "id": "sangiali-formation", "name": "Sangiali Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sangiali-formation", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Paleocene", "age": "Paleocene", "introducedBy": "", "typeLocality": "Sangiali, Sulaiman Range", "coordinates": "30.0000, 69.9583", "lat": 30, "lng": 69.9583, "thickness": "100-200 m", "lithology": "Limestone, shale, marl", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "marine", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Larger foraminifera; Gastropods", "synonyms": "", "economic": "Building limestone and sandstone; prospective for uranium.", "economicResources": "Metals & minerals", "overlies": "Vitakri Formation", "underlies": "Rakhi Gaj Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 3 }, { "id": "sarobi-formation", "name": "Sarobi Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sarobi-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Jurassic", "epoch": "Early to Middle Jurassic", "age": "Early to Middle Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Bajocian; ~192.9-168.17 Ma)", "introducedBy": "Ahmad et al. (2000)", "typeLocality": "North of Sarobi village, along Isha-Razmak road", "coordinates": "32.9056, 70.1097", "lat": 32.9056, "lng": 70.1097, "thickness": "400+ m", "lithology": "Clayey limestone. The formation comprises a sequence of alternating limestone and shale. At the type locality, its lower part is predominantly limestone, while the upper part is shale. The limestone is thin bedded, occasionally thick bedded, micritic and grey to dark grey; it weathers to brownish grey and yellowish brown color. The limestone is very hard and forms ridges. It is fine crystalline t…", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Spalga Formation", "underlies": "Isha Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 3 }, { "id": "sembar-formation", "name": "Sembar Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sembar-formation", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Early Cretaceous (Neocomian)", "age": "Early Cretaceous (Berriasian-Barremian)", "introducedBy": "Williams (1959)", "typeLocality": "Sembar Pass, Sulaiman Range", "coordinates": "29.9181, 68.5800", "lat": 29.9181, "lng": 68.58, "thickness": "100-300 m", "lithology": "Black, carbonaceous, pyritic shale with subordinate siltstone, sandstone and thin limestone; thins westward.", "lithologyType": "shale", "environment": "marine, outer shelf", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt; Kirthar Range; Sindh Province", "fossils": "Ammonites; Belemnites; Foraminifera", "synonyms": "", "economic": "The principal hydrocarbon SOURCE ROCK of the Lower and Central Indus Basin (Sui, Mari and other gas fields); the Sembar–Lower Goru is an active petroleum system.", "economicResources": "Source rock; Reservoir", "overlies": "Chiltan Limestone", "underlies": "Goru Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 11 }, { "id": "shaheed-ghat-formation", "name": "Shaheed Ghat Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/shaheed-ghat-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Early Eocene", "age": "Eocene", "introducedBy": "Shah (1987)", "typeLocality": "Shaheed Ghat, 5 km southwest of Zinda Pir", "coordinates": "30.4, 70.4667", "lat": 30.4, "lng": 70.4667, "thickness": "340–680 m", "lithology": "Grey to olive-green laminated shale with marl, locally with nummulite-, gastropod- and bivalve-bearing layers.", "lithologyType": "shale", "environment": "marine", "basin": "Sulaiman Basin", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Nummulites; Gastropods; Bivalves", "synonyms": "", "economic": "Thin aragonite beds (Rakhni, Sham, Kulchas, Phailawagh and other Dera Bugti areas).", "economicResources": "Other", "overlies": "Dungan Formation", "underlies": "Drug Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 5 }, { "id": "siwalik-group", "name": "Siwalik Group", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/siwalik-group", "rank": "group", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Neogene", "epoch": "Miocene–Pleistocene", "age": "Miocene–Pleistocene", "introducedBy": "", "typeLocality": "", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "up to ~4,500 m in foredeep areas (Sulaiman Foredeep, Sibi and Karachi Troughs, Karachi Embayment)", "lithology": "Sandstones with alternating argillaceous (mudstone/siltstone) bands — fluvial outwash molasse.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "fluvial, continental", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Potwar Basin; Sulaiman Fold Belt; Kirthar Range; Sindh Province", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 7 }, { "id": "spalga-formation", "name": "Spalga Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/spalga-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Triassic", "epoch": "Late Triassic", "age": "The assigned Late Triassic age is based on stratigraphic position and lithological similarity to Late Triassic rocks of the Axial Belt (Carnian-Norian; ~237-216.52 Ma)", "introducedBy": "Ahmad et al. (2000)", "typeLocality": "Spalga village, 17 km SE of Miran Shah, in the northern extremity of the Axial Belt", "coordinates": "32.9292, 70.1292", "lat": 32.9292, "lng": 70.1292, "thickness": "", "lithology": "Fine-grained sandstone. The formation consists of sandstone, siltstone and shale. The sandstone is light to dark grey and weathers to rusty brown color. It is fine to medium grained, thin to medium bedded and exhibit circular rims due to color variation called as liasegang. Slump structures and worm burrows are commonly found in the sandstone beds. The shale is greenish grey and weathers to brown…", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "", "underlies": "Sarobi Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 3 }, { "id": "sui-main-limestone", "name": "Sui Main Limestone Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sui-main-limestone", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Early Eocene (Ypresian)", "age": "Early Eocene (Ypresian) (Ypresian; ~56-52.83 Ma)", "introducedBy": "", "typeLocality": "Well Sui-36", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "152-486 m", "lithology": "Limestone. At its type section Sui Main Limestone is composed entirely of limestone with minor dolomite, calcareous shales and marls. The limestone is creamy white to dirty white to off white in color. It is firm to moderately hard, occasionally soft, sub blocky to blocky, micro to cryptocrystalline and chalky in parts. The proposed formation represents a rich bioclastic limestone. It consists mo…", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "shallow marine, carbonate platform", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "Major gas reservoir at the Sui, Kandhkot and related fields; named by PPL. Subsurface type section at Sui.", "economicResources": "Reservoir", "overlies": "", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 5 }, { "id": "sulaiman-group", "name": "Sulaiman Group", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sulaiman-group", "rank": "group", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Jurassic", "epoch": "Early–Late Jurassic (to earliest Cretaceous)", "age": "Jurassic", "introducedBy": "Pinfold (1939)", "typeLocality": "Alozai is located in Western Indus Suture", "coordinates": "31.4333, 70.0167", "lat": 31.4333, "lng": 70.0167, "thickness": "", "lithology": "Crystalline and oolitic shelf limestone (Shirinab members and Chiltan) with an overlying ironstone (Dilband).", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "shallow marine, carbonate platform", "basin": "Sulaiman Basin", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "The Chiltan Limestone is a gas reservoir; the Dilband Formation hosts Pakistan's largest iron-ore deposit.", "economicResources": "Reservoir; Metals & minerals", "overlies": "", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 2 }, { "id": "takatu-limestone", "name": "Takatu Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/takatu-limestone", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Jurassic", "epoch": "Middle Jurassic (Toarcian to Bathonian)", "age": "Middle Jurassic (Toarcian to Bathonian). [NOTE: Upper Mazar Drik Member extends into Early Callovian] (Toarcian-Callovian; ~184.2-163.41 Ma)", "introducedBy": "", "typeLocality": "Dara Manda Nallah", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "757-1,818 m", "lithology": "Reef limestone. It is typically a massive, thick to very thick bedded dark limestone that gives a fetid smell on broken surface. The color varies from dark to very light grey and brown to brownish grey; intraformational conglomerates have been found in the Takatu Range. The texture varies from fine grained, sub-lithographic to oolitic. At places the limestone is reefal or biohermal. The massive m…", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt; Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Shirinab Formation", "underlies": "Sembar Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 3 }, { "id": "toi-formation", "name": "Toi Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/toi-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Early Eocene", "age": "Eocene", "introducedBy": "Shah (1987)", "typeLocality": "Toi Nala, Sulaiman Range", "coordinates": "31.4833, 70.1167", "lat": 31.4833, "lng": 70.1167, "thickness": "up to ~1,196 m (Moghal Kot)", "lithology": "Interbedded coarse, pebbly, cross-bedded sandstone and brown mudstone, siltstone, shale and conglomerate, with locally developed coal seams.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "fluvial, deltaic", "basin": "Sulaiman Basin", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Freshwater bivalves; Gastropods; Plant remains", "synonyms": "", "economic": "Contains locally developed coal seams.", "economicResources": "Coal & lignite", "overlies": "Drug Formation", "underlies": "Baska Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 4 }, { "id": "vihowa-formation", "name": "Vihowa Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/vihowa-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Neogene", "epoch": "late Early–Middle Miocene", "age": "Miocene", "introducedBy": "Hemphill and Kidwai (1973)", "typeLocality": "Vihowa Road, Sulaiman Range", "coordinates": "31.0667, 70.2667", "lat": 31.0667, "lng": 70.2667, "thickness": "~700 m (type section, Vihowa Road)", "lithology": "Grey and brown sandstone with subordinate red to brownish-red sandy siltstone; mudstone-rich in the lower part.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "fluvial, continental", "basin": "Sulaiman Basin", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Lower Siwalik mammals (e.g. Eotragus)", "synonyms": "", "economic": "Oligocene-Miocene coal showings; part of the uranium- and silica-sand-bearing Vihowa Group.", "economicResources": "Coal & lignite; Metals & minerals", "overlies": "Chitarwatta Formation", "underlies": "Litra Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 7 }, { "id": "vitakri-formation", "name": "Vitakri Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/vitakri-formation", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Late Cretaceous", "age": "Late Cretaceous (latest Maastrichtian)", "introducedBy": "", "typeLocality": "Vitakri Dome, Barkhan District, Balochistan", "coordinates": "29.6981, 69.3988", "lat": 29.6981, "lng": 69.3988, "thickness": "50-200 m", "lithology": "Variegated sandstone, mudstone, conglomerate", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "continental, terrestrial", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "Titanosaurian sauropods; Theropod dinosaurs; Mesoeucrocodylians; Pterosaurs", "synonyms": "", "economic": "Hosts the Kingri coalfield (latest Cretaceous / K-T-boundary lignite, ~2 million tons, Musa Khel district); a source of building sandstone; prospective for uranium and aluminous (bauxitic) rocks.", "economicResources": "Coal & lignite; Metals & minerals", "overlies": "Pab Sandstone", "underlies": "Sangiali Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 6 }, { "id": "wana-schist", "name": "Wana Schist", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/wana-schist", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Paleozoic", "period": "", "epoch": "", "age": "Palaeozoic (tentative)", "introducedBy": "Badshah et al. (2000)", "typeLocality": "Wana area, South Waziristan, NW Pakistan.", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "", "lithology": "Medium- to thin-bedded greenish-grey and dark schists and phyllites; intensely folded (box and chevron folds, kink bands, crenulation cleavage, intrafolial quartz veins); low greenschist facies.", "lithologyType": "metamorphic", "environment": "marine", "basin": "NW Indian plate margin", "region": "Wana, South Waziristan", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 1 }, { "id": "zerghar-formation", "name": "Zerghar Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/zerghar-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Middle to Late Cretaceous", "age": "Middle to Late Cretaceous (Albian-Campanian; ~106.85-72.17 Ma)", "introducedBy": "Ahmad et al. (2000)", "typeLocality": "NE of Miran Shah town (close to Isha section)", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "", "lithology": "Limestone. It is mainly a limestone with interbedded shale. The limestone varies in color from brown to yellowish grey on fresh surface, and on weathered surface it is dull brown. It is fine grained and thin to thick bedded. On broken surface, the impurities of iron, oxide are visible as cementing material. The limestone is highly fossiliferous and worm burrows are also present. The shale is gree…", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Marsikhel Formation", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 4 } ] }