{"type":"FeatureCollection","name":"Pakistan Stratigraphy Explorer — Sulaiman Basin (Middle Indus) type localities","license":"CC BY 4.0","source":"https://stratigraphy.pk","generated":"2026-10-29","features":[{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[70.1333,31.4833]},"properties":{"id":"baska-formation","name":"Baska Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/baska-formation","rank":"formation","era":"Cenozoic","period":"Paleogene","age":"Eocene","basin":"Sulaiman Basin","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Green to grey shale and claystone interbedded with alabaster (gypsum), gypsiferous limestone and marl.","economicResources":"Salt & evaporites","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[68.0833,29.9517]},"properties":{"id":"chamalang-group","name":"Chamalang (=Ghazij) Group","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/chamalang-group","rank":"group","era":"Cenozoic","period":"Paleogene","age":"Eocene","basin":"Sulaiman Basin","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Thick shale with subordinate sandstone, limestone, coal, gypsum and laterite.","economicResources":"Seal; Coal & lignite; Salt & evaporites","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[70.0917,32.9767]},"properties":{"id":"chashmai-kharsai-formation","name":"Chashmai Kharsai Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/chashmai-kharsai-formation","rank":"formation","era":"Mesozoic","period":"Cretaceous","age":"Early Cretaceous","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Belemnite-bearing shale.","economicResources":"","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[70.25,31.6167]},"properties":{"id":"chaudhwan-formation","name":"Chaudhwan Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/chaudhwan-formation","rank":"formation","era":"Cenozoic","period":"Neogene","age":"Pliocene","basin":"Sulaiman Basin","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Mud, sandstone and conglomerate, becoming conglomerate-dominated upward.","economicResources":"Building stone","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[66.9318,30.1523]},"properties":{"id":"chiltan-limestone","name":"Chiltan Limestone","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/chiltan-limestone","rank":"","era":"Mesozoic","period":"Jurassic","age":"Middle to Late Jurassic (Bathonian-Oxfordian)","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Thick shelf carbonate — pisolitic to oolitic limestone with reefal development in the upper part.","economicResources":"Reservoir; Metals & minerals","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[70.2456,31.0561]},"properties":{"id":"chitarwata-formation","name":"Chitarwatta Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/chitarwata-formation","rank":"","era":"Cenozoic","period":"Paleogene","age":"Oligocene","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Red, grey and green claystone and siltstone with a sandstone-rich, ripple-marked lower part.","economicResources":"Coal & lignite; Metals & minerals","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[70.2083,30.8208]},"properties":{"id":"drug-formation","name":"Drug Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/drug-formation","rank":"","era":"Cenozoic","period":"Paleogene","age":"Early Eocene (Ypresian)","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Largely orange, pale-olive to greenish-grey limestone interbedded with subordinate shale.","economicResources":"Other","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[67.9925,30.1439]},"properties":{"id":"dungan-formation","name":"Dungan Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/dungan-formation","rank":"","era":"Cenozoic","period":"Paleogene","age":"Late Paleocene to Early Eocene","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Limestone with shale interbeds","economicResources":"Reservoir","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[68.9023,29.2982]},"properties":{"id":"early-middle-eocene-kahan-group","name":"Early-Middle Eocene Kahan Group","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/early-middle-eocene-kahan-group","rank":"group","era":"Cenozoic","period":"Paleogene","age":"Eocene","basin":"Sulaiman Basin","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Limestone and calcareous shale (Habib Rahi, Pirkoh) alternating with marl and shale (Domanda, Drazinda).","economicResources":"Reservoir; Metals & minerals","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[70.1772,29.9539]},"properties":{"id":"fort-munro-formation","name":"Fort Munro Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/fort-munro-formation","rank":"formation","era":"Mesozoic","period":"Cretaceous","age":"Cretaceous","basin":"Sulaiman Basin","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Dark-grey, hard, thick-bedded limestone with marly and shaly interbeds in the Sulaiman area; grey to cream, thin-bedded above and thick-bedded to massive, reefoid below in the Kirthar area.","economicResources":"Other","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[66.831371,27.802397]},"properties":{"id":"goru-formation","name":"Goru Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/goru-formation","rank":"","era":"Mesozoic","period":"Cretaceous","age":"Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian)","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt; Kirthar Range; Sindh Province","lithology":"Interbedded limestone, shale and siltstone; lower part shalier (thin-bedded light limestone with splintery grey-olive shale), upper part thin-bedded porcellaneous limestone; grades up into the Parh Limestone.","economicResources":"Reservoir","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[70.4167,31.0167]},"properties":{"id":"litra-formation","name":"Litra Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/litra-formation","rank":"formation","era":"Cenozoic","period":"Neogene","age":"Miocene","basin":"Sulaiman Basin","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Greenish-grey sandstone with subordinate conglomerate and mudstone.","economicResources":"","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[68.6001,30.3669]},"properties":{"id":"loralai-formation","name":"Loralai Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/loralai-formation","rank":"","era":"Mesozoic","period":"Jurassic","age":"Early to Middle Jurassic","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Limestone, shale, marl","economicResources":"Metals & minerals","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[70.175,33.0417]},"properties":{"id":"marsikhel-formation","name":"Marsikhel Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/marsikhel-formation","rank":"formation","era":"Mesozoic","period":"Cretaceous","age":"Early to Middle Cretaceous (Barremian-Albian; ~126.5-106.85 Ma)","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Clayey limestone. It consists of light grey to dark grey, thin to medium-bedded limestone and greenish grey shale. In the lower portion, the limestone is micritic and arenaceous at places, and within the limestone alternate layers of light green shale are present, which are rich in belemnites. Ferruginous and calcareous sandstone is also present near the base.","economicResources":"","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[69.7214,31.8669]},"properties":{"id":"mughal-kot-formation","name":"Mughal Kot Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/mughal-kot-formation","rank":"","era":"Mesozoic","period":"Cretaceous","age":"Late Cretaceous (Campanian)","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Grey calcareous shale and mudstone with intercalations of arkosic sandstone and grey argillaceous limestone; sandier in the Sulaiman area, shalier in the Kirthar area.","economicResources":"Metals & minerals","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[67.0053,25.52]},"properties":{"id":"pab-sandstone","name":"Pab Sandstone","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/pab-sandstone","rank":"","era":"Mesozoic","period":"Cretaceous","age":"Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt; Kirthar Range; Bela-Khuzdar","lithology":"White, cream or brown, thick-bedded to massive, cross-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained quartzose sandstone with subordinate argillaceous limestone and shale.","economicResources":"Reservoir","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[67.0958,26.9125]},"properties":{"id":"parh-limestone","name":"Parh Limestone","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/parh-limestone","rank":"","era":"Mesozoic","period":"Cretaceous","age":"Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian)","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt; Kirthar Range","lithology":"Very uniform, persistent, thin-bedded light-grey, white or cream porcellaneous limestone with a characteristic pink-purple-maroon band and interbeds of variegated shale and marl.","economicResources":"Metals & minerals","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[70.1917,29.9539]},"properties":{"id":"rakhi-gaj-formation","name":"Rakhi Gaj Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/rakhi-gaj-formation","rank":"formation","era":"Cenozoic","period":"Paleogene","age":"Paleocene","basin":"Sulaiman Basin","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"70° 04' 40'' E) where it consists of thick and resistant beds of sandstone with minor shale.","economicResources":"Salt & evaporites; Metals & minerals","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[67.9,25.9]},"properties":{"id":"ranikot-group","name":"Ranikot Group","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/ranikot-group","rank":"","era":"Cenozoic","period":"Paleogene","age":"Paleocene","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Kirthar Range; Sindh Province; Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Sandstone, shale and limestone with coal, carbonaceous beds and basaltic lava flows.","economicResources":"Coal & lignite","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[69.9583,30]},"properties":{"id":"sangiali-formation","name":"Sangiali Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sangiali-formation","rank":"","era":"Cenozoic","period":"Paleogene","age":"Paleocene","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Limestone, shale, marl","economicResources":"Metals & minerals","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[70.1097,32.9056]},"properties":{"id":"sarobi-formation","name":"Sarobi Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sarobi-formation","rank":"formation","era":"Mesozoic","period":"Jurassic","age":"Early to Middle Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Bajocian; ~192.9-168.17 Ma)","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Clayey limestone. The formation comprises a sequence of alternating limestone and shale. At the type locality, its lower part is predominantly limestone, while the upper part is shale. The limestone is thin bedded, occasionally thick bedded, micritic and grey to dark grey; it weathers to brownish grey and yellowish brown color. The limestone is very hard and forms ridges. It is fine crystalline t…","economicResources":"","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[68.58,29.9181]},"properties":{"id":"sembar-formation","name":"Sembar Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sembar-formation","rank":"","era":"Mesozoic","period":"Cretaceous","age":"Early Cretaceous (Berriasian-Barremian)","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt; Kirthar Range; Sindh Province","lithology":"Black, carbonaceous, pyritic shale with subordinate siltstone, sandstone and thin limestone; thins westward.","economicResources":"Source rock; Reservoir","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[70.4667,30.4]},"properties":{"id":"shaheed-ghat-formation","name":"Shaheed Ghat Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/shaheed-ghat-formation","rank":"formation","era":"Cenozoic","period":"Paleogene","age":"Eocene","basin":"Sulaiman Basin","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Grey to olive-green laminated shale with marl, locally with nummulite-, gastropod- and bivalve-bearing layers.","economicResources":"Other","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[70.1292,32.9292]},"properties":{"id":"spalga-formation","name":"Spalga Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/spalga-formation","rank":"formation","era":"Mesozoic","period":"Triassic","age":"The assigned Late Triassic age is based on stratigraphic position and lithological similarity to Late Triassic rocks of the Axial Belt (Carnian-Norian; ~237-216.52 Ma)","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Fine-grained sandstone. The formation consists of sandstone, siltstone and shale. The sandstone is light to dark grey and weathers to rusty brown color. It is fine to medium grained, thin to medium bedded and exhibit circular rims due to color variation called as liasegang. Slump structures and worm burrows are commonly found in the sandstone beds. The shale is greenish grey and weathers to brown…","economicResources":"","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[70.0167,31.4333]},"properties":{"id":"sulaiman-group","name":"Sulaiman Group","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sulaiman-group","rank":"group","era":"Mesozoic","period":"Jurassic","age":"Jurassic","basin":"Sulaiman Basin","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Crystalline and oolitic shelf limestone (Shirinab members and Chiltan) with an overlying ironstone (Dilband).","economicResources":"Reservoir; Metals & minerals","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[70.1167,31.4833]},"properties":{"id":"toi-formation","name":"Toi Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/toi-formation","rank":"formation","era":"Cenozoic","period":"Paleogene","age":"Eocene","basin":"Sulaiman Basin","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Interbedded coarse, pebbly, cross-bedded sandstone and brown mudstone, siltstone, shale and conglomerate, with locally developed coal seams.","economicResources":"Coal & lignite","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[70.2667,31.0667]},"properties":{"id":"vihowa-formation","name":"Vihowa Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/vihowa-formation","rank":"formation","era":"Cenozoic","period":"Neogene","age":"Miocene","basin":"Sulaiman Basin","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Grey and brown sandstone with subordinate red to brownish-red sandy siltstone; mudstone-rich in the lower part.","economicResources":"Coal & lignite; Metals & minerals","status":"published"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"type":"Point","coordinates":[69.3988,29.6981]},"properties":{"id":"vitakri-formation","name":"Vitakri Formation","url":"https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/vitakri-formation","rank":"","era":"Mesozoic","period":"Cretaceous","age":"Late Cretaceous (latest Maastrichtian)","basin":"","region":"","provinces":"Sulaiman Fold Belt","lithology":"Variegated sandstone, mudstone, conglomerate","economicResources":"Coal & lignite; Metals & minerals","status":"published"}}]}