{
  "dataset": "Pakistan Stratigraphy Explorer — Khyber-Hazara-Kashmir Basin (Uppermost Indus)",
  "basin": "Khyber-Hazara-Kashmir Basin (Uppermost Indus)",
  "provinces": [
    "Azad Kashmir",
    "Hazara Basin",
    "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
    "Swat–Malakand"
  ],
  "source": "https://stratigraphy.pk",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "generated": "2026-10-29",
  "count": 88,
  "units": [
    {
      "id": "abbottabad-formation",
      "name": "Abbottabad Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/abbottabad-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Cambrian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Cambrian",
      "introducedBy": "Marks and Ali (1962)",
      "typeLocality": "Sirban Hill near Abbottabad (the Kakul area), Hazara",
      "coordinates": "34.1450, 73.2450",
      "lat": 34.145,
      "lng": 73.245,
      "thickness": "500-1500 m",
      "lithology": "Dolomite, limestone, sandstone and quartzite (the Sirban dolomite).",
      "lithologyType": "dolomite",
      "environment": "marine, shallow marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin; Azad Kashmir",
      "fossils": "Stromatolites; Trace fossils",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Tanawal Formation",
      "underlies": "Hazira Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 14
    },
    {
      "id": "ali-masjid-formation",
      "name": "Ali Masjid Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/ali-masjid-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Devonian–Carboniferous",
      "epoch": "Late Devonian–Early Mississippian (Tournaisian)",
      "age": "Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous (early Frasnian to mid-Tournaisian)",
      "introducedBy": "Stauffer (1968)",
      "typeLocality": "Ali Masjid village, Khyber Pass",
      "coordinates": "34.0800, 71.2900",
      "lat": 34.08,
      "lng": 71.29,
      "thickness": "220 m",
      "lithology": "Red shale alternating with siltstone, sandstone, quartzite and limestone, with thin conglomerates and lateritic beds marking repeated breaks in sedimentation.",
      "lithologyType": "shale",
      "environment": "marine, marginal marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "Brachiopods; Corals; Conodonts (Famennian–Tournaisian zonal fauna)",
      "synonyms": "Ali Masjid Group",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Shagai Limestone",
      "underlies": "Khyber Limestone",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 7
    },
    {
      "id": "alpurai-group",
      "name": "Alpurai Group",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/alpurai-group",
      "rank": "group",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Paleozoic–Mesozoic",
      "introducedBy": "DiPietro (1990)",
      "typeLocality": "Alpurai, Swat",
      "coordinates": "34.9000, 72.6500",
      "lat": 34.9,
      "lng": 72.65,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Unfossiliferous siliceous schist, calcareous quartz-mica-garnet schist, marble and para-amphibolite.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Manglaur Formation",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 8
    },
    {
      "id": "ambar-formation",
      "name": "Ambar Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/ambar-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Cambrian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Cambrian",
      "introducedBy": "Pogue and Hussain (1986)",
      "typeLocality": "Ambar village, Swabi-Jehangira road (Nowshera-Swabi area)",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "more than 425 m",
      "lithology": "Brownish-grey dolomite with chert lenses and shale layers; the upper part is more massive with stromatolitic laminations.",
      "lithologyType": "dolomite",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "Amber Formation; Amber dolomite",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "Jobra Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 7
    },
    {
      "id": "bampokha-group",
      "name": "Bampokha Group",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/bampokha-group",
      "rank": "group",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Paleozoic (undifferentiated)",
      "introducedBy": "Chaudhry et al. (1992)",
      "typeLocality": "",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "(1992) for the Girarai and Tursak formations exposed in the south of MCT in the Lesser Himalaya and consists of low-grade clac schist and marble and graphitic schist.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "banna-formation",
      "name": "Banna Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/banna-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Precambrian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Precambrian–Triassic",
      "introducedBy": "Tahirkheli (1979)",
      "typeLocality": "Banna village, east of Besham",
      "coordinates": "34.83, 73.06",
      "lat": 34.83,
      "lng": 73.06,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Marble, slate, graphitic schist and chlorite schist.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "continental",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "sillimanite gneisses of the Hazara nappe",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 4
    },
    {
      "id": "besham-group",
      "name": "Besham Group",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/besham-group",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Archean-Paleoproterozoic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Archean to Paleoproterozoic (>1800 Ma)",
      "introducedBy": "Fletcher et al. (1986)",
      "typeLocality": "Besham, Indus valley (the Besham Nappe)",
      "coordinates": "34.9200, 72.8800",
      "lat": 34.92,
      "lng": 72.88,
      "thickness": "3000+ m",
      "lithology": "Granitic, biotite-rich orthogneiss together with metasedimentary gneiss, schist, metapsammite, marble and amphibolite, with komatiitic metavolcanics.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin; Indo-Pakistan Shield",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "Gemstone potential (emeralds in associated rocks)",
      "economicResources": "Metals & minerals",
      "overlies": "Crystalline basement (deepest exposed)",
      "underlies": "Karora Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 4
    },
    {
      "id": "burawai-formation",
      "name": "Burawai Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/burawai-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Carboniferous–Triassic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Palaeozoic to Mesozoic (post-Late-Carboniferous cover; correlated with the Panjal Volcanics)",
      "introducedBy": "Greco et al. (1989)",
      "typeLocality": "Burawai, Upper Kaghan valley",
      "coordinates": "34.9420, 73.8690",
      "lat": 34.942,
      "lng": 73.869,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Metasedimentary schist, marble and paragneiss.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Hazara Sub-Basin",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 4
    },
    {
      "id": "chichali-formation",
      "name": "Chichali Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/chichali-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Mesozoic",
      "period": "Jurassic-Cretaceous",
      "epoch": "Tithonian-Berriasian",
      "age": "Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous",
      "introducedBy": "Danilchik (1961)",
      "typeLocality": "Chichali Pass in Surghar",
      "coordinates": "33.0031, 71.4042",
      "lat": 33.0031,
      "lng": 71.4042,
      "thickness": "12-70 m",
      "lithology": "Dark greenish grey glauconitic sandstone, glauconitic shale",
      "lithologyType": "sandstone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Salt Range; Hazara Basin; Kohat Basin; Potwar Basin",
      "fossils": "Ammonites",
      "synonyms": "Belemnite Beds; Spiti Shale",
      "economic": "Phosphorite (rock phosphate) has been reported from the Chichali Formation near Kohat, but low phosphate content makes it of little economic value.",
      "economicResources": "Metals & minerals",
      "overlies": "Samana Suk Formation",
      "underlies": "Lumshiwal Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 15
    },
    {
      "id": "chorgali-formation",
      "name": "Chorgali Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/chorgali-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Cenozoic",
      "period": "Paleogene",
      "epoch": "Eocene",
      "age": "late Early to Middle Eocene",
      "introducedBy": "Pascoe (1920)",
      "typeLocality": "Chor Gali Pass",
      "coordinates": "33.439322, 72.683902",
      "lat": 33.439322,
      "lng": 72.683902,
      "thickness": "30–140 m",
      "lithology": "Shale, limestone, gypsum",
      "lithologyType": "shale",
      "environment": "shallow marine, restricted",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Salt Range; Hazara Basin; Kohat Basin; Potwar Basin",
      "fossils": "Rotalia crookshankiana",
      "synonyms": "Bhadrar Beds",
      "economic": "One of the main dolomite-bearing units of the foreland fold-and-thrust belt; its partly dolomitised limestone carries a bituminous (hydrocarbon) odour and the unit is significant in Potwar petroleum geology.",
      "economicResources": "Other",
      "overlies": "Sakesar Formation",
      "underlies": "Kuldana Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 11
    },
    {
      "id": "chushal-formation",
      "name": "Chushal Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/chushal-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Carboniferous",
      "epoch": "Late Carboniferous",
      "age": "Early Permian",
      "introducedBy": "",
      "typeLocality": "",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Agglomeratic slate.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Hazara Sub-Basin",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 6
    },
    {
      "id": "daradar-dolomite",
      "name": "Daradar Dolomite",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/daradar-dolomite",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Silurian–Devonian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Silurian to Devonian (correlation)",
      "introducedBy": "Badshah et al. (2000)",
      "typeLocality": "Spinghar (Safed Koh) Range, NW Pakistan–SE Afghanistan border region.",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Siliceous, white to greyish-white, hard dolomite (up to ~19 wt% MgO) with dolerite intrusions; talc/soapstone along fractures and intrusive contacts.",
      "lithologyType": "dolomite",
      "environment": "shallow marine",
      "basin": "NW Indian plate margin",
      "region": "Spinghar (Safed Koh) Range",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "Hosts talc (soapstone) along fracture zones and mafic-intrusion contacts, and silver-rich lead-copper mineralisation in the western Spinghar (Neemtota).",
      "economicResources": "Metals & minerals",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "darwaza-formation",
      "name": "Darwaza Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/darwaza-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Paleozoic (undifferentiated)",
      "introducedBy": "Hussain et al. (1990)",
      "typeLocality": "Attock Range",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Cream-coloured limestone with dolomite, overlain by maroon argillite.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "Hisartang Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "datta-formation",
      "name": "Datta Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/datta-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Mesozoic",
      "period": "Jurassic",
      "epoch": "Early Jurassic",
      "age": "Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Pliensbachian)",
      "introducedBy": "Danilchik (1961), renaming the 'Variegated Stage' of Gee (1945)",
      "typeLocality": "Datta Nala, Surghar Range",
      "coordinates": "33.0000, 71.3167",
      "lat": 33,
      "lng": 71.3167,
      "thickness": "50-150 m",
      "lithology": "Variegated shale, sandstone, laterite, fire clay",
      "lithologyType": "shale",
      "environment": "continental, fluvial, marginal marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Salt Range; Hazara Basin; Kohat Basin; Potwar Basin",
      "fossils": "Plant fossils; Coal traces; Freshwater bivalves",
      "synonyms": "Variegated Beds",
      "economic": "Source of refractory fire clay and coal; the 'Datta Sands' are an important gas/condensate reservoir in the Upper Indus Basin.",
      "economicResources": "Reservoir; Coal & lignite; Metals & minerals",
      "overlies": "Kingriali Formation",
      "underlies": "Shinawari Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 15
    },
    {
      "id": "duma-formation",
      "name": "Duma Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/duma-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Carboniferous–Triassic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Carboniferous to Triassic",
      "introducedBy": "",
      "typeLocality": "",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "",
      "lithologyType": "",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "gandaf-formation",
      "name": "Gandaf Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/gandaf-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Proterozoic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Middle–Late Proterozoic",
      "introducedBy": "Pogue et al. (1995)",
      "typeLocality": "Gandaf, Indus valley",
      "coordinates": "34.1167, 72.6833",
      "lat": 34.1167,
      "lng": 72.6833,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Dark schist overlain by and interbedded with graphitic slate, phyllite, schist and marble; garnet-schist horizons are conspicuous, and intrusive rocks are abundant.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Karora Formation",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 6
    },
    {
      "id": "ghundai-sar-formation",
      "name": "Ghundai Sar Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/ghundai-sar-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Devonian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Devonian (Gundhai Sar / 'Ali Masjid Group' sequence; ?Early Devonian to late Famennian)",
      "introducedBy": "",
      "typeLocality": "",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "",
      "lithologyType": "",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "Tabulate corals (Cladopora, Thamnopora, Favosites); Heliolites; Crinoids; Conodonts (late Famennian)",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "girarai-formation",
      "name": "Girarai Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/girarai-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "",
      "period": "",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "",
      "introducedBy": "Chaudhry et al. (1992)",
      "typeLocality": "",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "",
      "lithologyType": "",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Tilgram Formation",
      "underlies": "Tursak Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "hangu-formation",
      "name": "Hangu Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/hangu-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Cenozoic",
      "period": "Paleogene",
      "epoch": "Early Paleocene",
      "age": "Latest Cretaceous to Early Paleocene",
      "introducedBy": "Davies (1930)",
      "typeLocality": "South of Fort Lockhart, Samana Range",
      "coordinates": "33.55, 70.92",
      "lat": 33.55,
      "lng": 70.92,
      "thickness": "15–150 m",
      "lithology": "Sandstone, grey shale, coal, laterite",
      "lithologyType": "sandstone",
      "environment": "terrestrial, marginal marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin; Kohat Basin; Potwar Basin; Salt Range",
      "fossils": "Miscellanea miscella; Lockhartia haimei; Lockhartia conditi; Lepidocyclina punjabensis; Operculina canalifera; Daviesina longhami",
      "synonyms": "Dhak Pass Beds",
      "economic": "Hosts the economically important Makarwal coal seams in its lower part; laterite–bauxite also occurs at its basal unconformity (Chhoi–Akhori).",
      "economicResources": "Coal & lignite; Metals & minerals",
      "overlies": "Indus Formation",
      "underlies": "Lockhart Limestone",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 13
    },
    {
      "id": "hazara-formation",
      "name": "Hazara Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/hazara-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Neoproterozoic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Precambrian (Neoproterozoic)",
      "introducedBy": "Middlemiss (1896)",
      "typeLocality": "Hazara District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "2000-5000 m",
      "lithology": "Light-grey, partly phyllitic slate with a flysch-like character, with intercalations of sandstone, limestone, gypsum and graphite.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin; Azad Kashmir",
      "fossils": "Stromatolites (rare)",
      "synonyms": "Salt Series of Hazara",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Crystalline basement",
      "underlies": "Tanawal Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 13
    },
    {
      "id": "hazira-formation",
      "name": "Hazira Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/hazira-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Cambrian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Cambrian",
      "introducedBy": "Gardezi and Ghazanfar (1965)",
      "typeLocality": "Hazira, Hazara",
      "coordinates": "34.1700, 73.2100",
      "lat": 34.17,
      "lng": 73.21,
      "thickness": "100-200 m",
      "lithology": "Phosphatic shale and siltstone with phosphorite beds.",
      "lithologyType": "shale",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "Hyolithids",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "Phosphorite (rock phosphate) of the basal Cambrian beds of the Hazara–Abbottabad area; the Kakul/Hazira phosphate is one of Pakistan's principal phosphate sources.",
      "economicResources": "Metals & minerals",
      "overlies": "Abbottabad Formation",
      "underlies": "Mesozoic formations",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 7
    },
    {
      "id": "hisartang-formation",
      "name": "Hisartang Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/hisartang-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Ordovician",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Ordovician",
      "introducedBy": "Hussain et al. (1989)",
      "typeLocality": "Hisartang, Attock-Cherat Range",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "minimum 650 m",
      "lithology": "White-to-grey, fine-grained unfossiliferous quartzite with worm burrows and dark argillite beds in the middle.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Darwaza Formation",
      "underlies": "Inzari Limestone",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 4
    },
    {
      "id": "indus-formation",
      "name": "Indus Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/indus-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Mesozoic",
      "period": "Cretaceous",
      "epoch": "Late Cretaceous",
      "age": "Latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)",
      "introducedBy": "",
      "typeLocality": "Kotli area, southern Azad Kashmir",
      "coordinates": "33.5156, 73.9019",
      "lat": 33.5156,
      "lng": 73.9019,
      "thickness": "10-50 m",
      "lithology": "Continental laterite, bauxite and pisolitic ironstone beds (best developed in the Kotli area of Azad Kashmir); partly marine northward near Muzaffarabad.",
      "lithologyType": "",
      "environment": "continental, marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin; Kohat Basin; Potwar Basin; Azad Kashmir",
      "fossils": "Rare plant fossils; Trace fossils",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "Source of bauxite and laterite in the Kotli area of Azad Kashmir.",
      "economicResources": "Metals & minerals",
      "overlies": "Kawagarh Formation",
      "underlies": "Hangu Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "inzari-limestone",
      "name": "Inzari Limestone",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/inzari-limestone",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Devonian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Devonian",
      "introducedBy": "Hussain et al. (1990)",
      "typeLocality": "Inzari, Attock-Cherat Range",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Thin-bedded, yellowish- to greenish-grey crystalline limestone with common dendrites and stylolites.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Hisartang Formation",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 4
    },
    {
      "id": "jafar-kandao-formation",
      "name": "Jafar Kandao Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/jafar-kandao-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Devonian–Carboniferous",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Devonian (Famennian) to Mid-Carboniferous (Westphalian)",
      "introducedBy": "Pogue and Hussain (1986)",
      "typeLocality": "Jafar Kandao, Rustam area northeast of Nowshera",
      "coordinates": "34.3500, 72.2833",
      "lat": 34.35,
      "lng": 72.2833,
      "thickness": "200-500 m",
      "lithology": "Argillite with subordinate limestone, quartzite and conglomerate; a discontinuous conglomerate marks the basal unconformity.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "Conodonts",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Nowshera Formation",
      "underlies": "Panjpir Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 8
    },
    {
      "id": "jobra-formation",
      "name": "Jobra Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/jobra-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Ordovician",
      "epoch": "Early–Middle Ordovician",
      "age": "Early–Middle Ordovician",
      "introducedBy": "Stauffer (1968a)",
      "typeLocality": "Misri Banda, Nowshera area",
      "coordinates": "34.5836, 72.3956",
      "lat": 34.5836,
      "lng": 72.3956,
      "thickness": "175 m",
      "lithology": "Grey to pinkish, cross-bedded feldspathic quartzite with subordinate argillite, a basal conglomerate, and crinoidal limestone with dark phyllite in the upper third.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "Cruziana rugosa",
      "synonyms": "Misri Banda Quartzite",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Ambar Formation",
      "underlies": "Panjpir Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 5
    },
    {
      "id": "kaghan-group",
      "name": "Kaghan Group",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/kaghan-group",
      "rank": "group",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Proterozoic",
      "introducedBy": "Ghazanfar and Chaudhry (1986)",
      "typeLocality": "Lower Kaghan valley, west of Balakot",
      "coordinates": "34.54, 73.35",
      "lat": 34.54,
      "lng": 73.35,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Metapelite, schist, quartzite, marble, metaconglomerate and pegmatite (greenschist facies).",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Hazara Sub-Basin",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 4
    },
    {
      "id": "karapa-greenschist",
      "name": "Karapa Greenschist",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/karapa-greenschist",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Carboniferous to Late Triassic (bracketed by bounding formations)",
      "introducedBy": "Pogue and Hussain (1986)",
      "typeLocality": "South-facing slope of Gumbat Sar between Karapa and Sonigram villages; well exposed near Karapa village, about 30 km NE of Baroch (Survey of Pakistan Topographic Sheet 43B/7).",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Metamorphosed tholeiitic basalt (greenschist), identified on geochemical analyses.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "volcanic",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Jafar Kandao Formation",
      "underlies": "Kashala Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "karora-formation",
      "name": "Karora Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/karora-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Proterozoic (undifferentiated)",
      "introducedBy": "Fletcher (1986)",
      "typeLocality": "Karora, Indus valley",
      "coordinates": "34.8878, 72.7685",
      "lat": 34.8878,
      "lng": 72.7685,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Thick dark graphitic schist, marble, with subordinate non-schistose metapsammite and metaconglomerate; a basal conglomerate (the Amlo Conglomerate) rests on the Besham Group.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Besham Group",
      "underlies": "Gandaf Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 4
    },
    {
      "id": "kashala-formation",
      "name": "Kashala Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/kashala-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Mesozoic",
      "period": "Triassic",
      "epoch": "Late Triassic (Carnian)",
      "age": "Triassic",
      "introducedBy": "DiPietro (1990)",
      "typeLocality": "Named from Kashala mountain ~13 km SSW of Saidu, Lower Swat; two type sections — road cuts on Dop Sar (high-grade) and stream cuts north of Baroch (low-grade).",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "about 4000 m",
      "lithology": "Calcareous schist and schistose marble with massive white-to-grey marble, about 4000 m thick.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "Conodonts",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Marghazar Formation",
      "underlies": "Saidu Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 6
    },
    {
      "id": "kawagarh-formation",
      "name": "Kawagarh Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/kawagarh-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Mesozoic",
      "period": "Cretaceous",
      "epoch": "Late Cretaceous",
      "age": "Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian)",
      "introducedBy": "Fatmi (1977)",
      "typeLocality": "Kawagarh hills north of Kala Chitta",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "~123 m (Jabri reference section, Hazara)",
      "lithology": "Light grey to white limestone, marl, shale",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Salt Range; Hazara Basin; Kohat Basin; Potwar Basin",
      "fossils": "Globotruncana lapparenti; Globotruncana linneiana; Dicarinella carinata; Rugoglobigerina rugosa; Heterohelix globulosa; Globotruncanita stuartiformis",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "Phosphorite occurs in the Kawagarh Formation near Chhoi in the Kalachitta Range, but is of little economic value owing to its low phosphate content.",
      "economicResources": "Metals & minerals",
      "overlies": "Lumshiwal Formation",
      "underlies": "Hangu Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 13
    },
    {
      "id": "khyber-limestone",
      "name": "Khyber Limestone",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/khyber-limestone",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Carboniferous–Permian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Carboniferous–Permian",
      "introducedBy": "Stauffer (1968)",
      "typeLocality": "Ali Masjid village, Khyber Pass",
      "coordinates": "34.0800, 71.2900",
      "lat": 34.08,
      "lng": 71.29,
      "thickness": "30-36m",
      "lithology": "Thick-bedded limestone, marble and massive dolomite with minor shale; limonite-rich arenaceous beds occur in the middle part.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "Brachiopods; Gastropods; Pelecypods; Ammonoids; Bryozoans; Fusulinids",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Ali Masjid Formation",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 6
    },
    {
      "id": "kingriali-formation",
      "name": "Kingriali Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/kingriali-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Mesozoic",
      "period": "Triassic",
      "epoch": "Late Triassic",
      "age": "Late Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian)",
      "introducedBy": "Gee (1945); revised by Danilchik & Shah (1973)",
      "typeLocality": "Kingriali, Salt Range",
      "coordinates": "32.2333, 71.0333",
      "lat": 32.2333,
      "lng": 71.0333,
      "thickness": "100-150 m",
      "lithology": "Dolomite, dolomitic limestone with cellular (honeycomb) weathering",
      "lithologyType": "dolomite",
      "environment": "marine, shallow marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Salt Range; Hazara Basin; Kohat Basin; Potwar Basin",
      "fossils": "Megalodont bivalves; Gastropods; Foraminifera",
      "synonyms": "Chak Jabbi Limestone",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Tredian Formation",
      "underlies": "Datta Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 9
    },
    {
      "id": "kishar-formation",
      "name": "Kishar Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/kishar-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Paleoproterozoic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Paleoproterozoic or older (pre-2173 Ma)",
      "introducedBy": "DiPietro et al. (1999)",
      "typeLocality": "Amlo, Indus valley",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Metasedimentary basement of the Indian plate (schist, quartzite and calc-silicate gneiss).",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 4
    },
    {
      "id": "kuldana-formation",
      "name": "Kuldana Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/kuldana-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Cenozoic",
      "period": "Paleogene",
      "epoch": "Early–Middle Eocene",
      "age": "Early to Middle Eocene (late Ypresian-Lutetian; shallow benthonic Zone SBZ13 or older)",
      "introducedBy": "Wynne (1874)",
      "typeLocality": "Kuldana",
      "coordinates": "33.92, 73.39",
      "lat": 33.92,
      "lng": 73.39,
      "thickness": "up to ~300 m",
      "lithology": "Shale, marl, sandstone, limestone, conglomerate, dolomite",
      "lithologyType": "shale",
      "environment": "marginal marine, continental",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin; Kohat Basin; Potwar Basin; Salt Range",
      "fossils": "Pakicetus; Gandakasia; Ichthyolestes",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "A local source of gypsum on the Potwar Plateau, mainly satisfying nearby agricultural needs rather than yielding the large, pure bodies of the Salt Range Formation.",
      "economicResources": "Salt & evaporites",
      "overlies": "Chorgali Formation",
      "underlies": "Murree Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 9
    },
    {
      "id": "kundalshahi-group",
      "name": "Kundalshahi Group",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/kundalshahi-group",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Neoproterozoic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Proterozoic (Neoproterozoic)",
      "introducedBy": "Malik et al. (1996)",
      "typeLocality": "Naril, Neelam (Neelum) valley, Azad Kashmir",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "",
      "lithologyType": "",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Upper Neelam Valley",
      "provinces": "Azad Kashmir",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "Salkhala Formation",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "landai-formation",
      "name": "Landai Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/landai-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Mesozoic",
      "period": "Triassic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Triassic",
      "introducedBy": "DiPietro et al. (1999)",
      "typeLocality": "",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "",
      "lithologyType": "",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Tanawal Formation",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "landikotal-formation",
      "name": "Landikotal Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/landikotal-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Ordovician–Silurian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Ordovician–Silurian",
      "introducedBy": "Stauffer (1968)",
      "typeLocality": "Landi Kotal, Khyber Pass",
      "coordinates": "34.0988, 71.1411",
      "lat": 34.0988,
      "lng": 71.1411,
      "thickness": "about 1,600 m",
      "lithology": "Phyllite and slate with subordinate limestone, dolomite and quartzite, intruded by basic dykes and sills.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "Spin Rag Quartzite",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 5
    },
    {
      "id": "langrial-limestone",
      "name": "Langrial Limestone",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/langrial-limestone",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Neoproterozoic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Precambrian (Neoproterozoic)",
      "introducedBy": "",
      "typeLocality": "Langrial, Hazara",
      "coordinates": "33.933, 73.117",
      "lat": 33.933,
      "lng": 73.117,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Limestone.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Hazara Sub-Basin",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 4
    },
    {
      "id": "lockhart-limestone",
      "name": "Lockhart Limestone",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/lockhart-limestone",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Cenozoic",
      "period": "Paleogene",
      "epoch": "Paleocene",
      "age": "Middle to Late Paleocene",
      "introducedBy": "Davies (1930)",
      "typeLocality": "Near Fort Lockhart, Samana Range",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "30–240 m",
      "lithology": "Dark grey nodular (rubbly) limestone",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "shallow marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Salt Range; Hazara Basin; Kohat Basin; Potwar Basin",
      "fossils": "Operculina subsalsa; Miscellanea miscella; Miscellanea stampi; Lockhartia haimei; Lockhartia newboldi; Lepidocyclina punjabensis; Discocyclina ranikotensis",
      "synonyms": "Khairabad Limestone",
      "economic": "Quarried as cement rock in the shingled-thrust zone north of the Potwar Plateau; the formation also carries some coal seams, bauxite and clays.",
      "economicResources": "Coal & lignite; Cement & lime; Metals & minerals",
      "overlies": "Hangu Formation",
      "underlies": "Patala Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 12
    },
    {
      "id": "lowara-mena-formation",
      "name": "Lowara Mena Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/lowara-mena-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Carboniferous",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Devonian to Carboniferous",
      "introducedBy": "",
      "typeLocality": "",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Slate, phyllite, quartzite and dolomitic limestone (inferred).",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "lwarani-mela-limestone",
      "name": "Lwarani Mela Limestone",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/lwarani-mela-limestone",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Late Paleozoic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Paleozoic",
      "introducedBy": "Tahirkheli et al. (1975)",
      "typeLocality": "Lwarai Mela, Malakand area",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "~51 m",
      "lithology": "Limestone.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "mahandri-formation",
      "name": "Mahandri Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/mahandri-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Precambrian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Precambrian (tentative)",
      "introducedBy": "Chaudhry et al. (1986)",
      "typeLocality": "Jared, Kaghan valley",
      "coordinates": "34.6800, 73.5700",
      "lat": 34.68,
      "lng": 73.57,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Kamalban quartz-mica schist, quartzite, calc-schist and marble.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Hazara Sub-Basin",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "makai-limestone",
      "name": "Makai Limestone",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/makai-limestone",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Mesozoic",
      "period": "Cretaceous",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Cretaceous (tentative)",
      "introducedBy": "Badshah et al. (2000)",
      "typeLocality": "Spinghar (Safed Koh) Range, NW Pakistan.",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Greenish-grey to dark grey, thinly bedded, siliceous limestone with basal conglomerate and grit; strongly folded, locally sheared to calcareous schist/mylonite.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "NW Indian plate margin",
      "region": "Spinghar (Safed Koh) Range",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "malandrai-member",
      "name": "Malandrai Member",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/malandrai-member",
      "rank": "member",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Carboniferous",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Carboniferous",
      "introducedBy": "DiPietro et al. (1995)",
      "typeLocality": "Duma, Malakand area",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "",
      "lithologyType": "",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Duma Formation",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "mangla-gneiss",
      "name": "Mangla Gneiss",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/mangla-gneiss",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Paleoproterozoic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Precambrian (Paleoproterozoic)",
      "introducedBy": "",
      "typeLocality": "Mangla Dam area, Mirpur, Azad Kashmir",
      "coordinates": "33.1400, 73.6400",
      "lat": 33.14,
      "lng": 73.64,
      "thickness": "Unknown (drill core intercepts)",
      "lithology": "Biotite gneiss, quartzofeldspathic gneiss, amphibolite",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Azad Kashmir; Indo-Pakistan Shield",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Deep crystalline basement",
      "underlies": "Precambrian-Paleozoic sedimentary cover",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "manglaur-formation",
      "name": "Manglaur Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/manglaur-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Ediacaran",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian",
      "introducedBy": "DiPietro (1990)",
      "typeLocality": "Ridge north of Narbatawal, near Loe Sar, Lower Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "up to ~1500 m (maximum exposed, uncorrected for strain and folding)",
      "lithology": "Metamorphosed garnetiferous schist and micaceous quartzite, with thick interlayers of quartzite, feldspathic quartzite and tremolite marble near the top; minor graphitic schist, amphibolite and marble.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "Manglaur Schist",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Swat granitic gneiss",
      "underlies": "Alpurai Group",
      "lowerContact": "intrusive",
      "upperContact": "unconformity",
      "references": 5
    },
    {
      "id": "manglour-formation",
      "name": "Manglour Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/manglour-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Proterozoic (undifferentiated)",
      "introducedBy": "Kazmi et al. (1984c)",
      "typeLocality": "Manglaur village, Swat",
      "coordinates": "34.8085, 72.4304",
      "lat": 34.8085,
      "lng": 72.4304,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Granoblastic, locally mylonitised quartz-mica-garnet schist (feldspathised and tourmalinised), in three main varieties — quartz-feldspar schist, quartz-mica-kyanite schist and quartz-mica-garnet schist — with thin graphitic and hornblende schist.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "Marghazar Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "manki-formation",
      "name": "Manki Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/manki-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Precambrian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Precambrian",
      "introducedBy": "Tahirkheli (1970)",
      "typeLocality": "Southern Gandghar Range and northern Attock-Cherat Range, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "in excess of 1000 m",
      "lithology": "Argillite, slate and phyllite, dark greenish-gray to dark gray (weathering olive-gray to reddish-brown); commonly with two cleavage sets giving a splintery texture, graded bedding the only sedimentary structure observed. Metamorphic grade increases northward, argillite/slate passing into phyllite with extensive quartz veining, chevron folds and kink bands.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "Shahkot Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 5
    },
    {
      "id": "mansehra-granite",
      "name": "Mansehra Granite",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/mansehra-granite",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Ordovician",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Early–Middle Ordovician (~478–466 Ma)",
      "introducedBy": "Shams (1961)",
      "typeLocality": "Mansehra, Hazara, KP",
      "coordinates": "34.3333, 73.2000",
      "lat": 34.3333,
      "lng": 73.2,
      "thickness": "Plutonic body (several km)",
      "lithology": "Tourmaline-bearing leucogranite, two-mica granite",
      "lithologyType": "igneous",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "Susal Gali Granite Gneiss; Hakale Granite",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Intrusive into Tanawal Formation",
      "underlies": "Covered by Mesozoic sequence",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 9
    },
    {
      "id": "margala-hill-limestone",
      "name": "Margala Hill Limestone",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/margala-hill-limestone",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Cenozoic",
      "period": "Paleogene",
      "epoch": "Eocene",
      "age": "Early Eocene (Ypresian)",
      "introducedBy": "Latif (1970); formalised in Shah (1977), Stratigraphy of Pakistan (GSP Memoir 12)",
      "typeLocality": "Margalla Hills near Islamabad; described from southeastern Hazara and the Kala Chitta Range",
      "coordinates": "33.73, 73.05",
      "lat": 33.73,
      "lng": 73.05,
      "thickness": "~73 m (Battlian, Muzaffarabad) to ~136 m (Kohala-Bala, Haripur); locally thinner",
      "lithology": "Grey to dark grey (weathering pale grey), nodular, medium- to thick-bedded and massive limestone with subordinate marl and shale.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "Shallow marine carbonate ramp, Homoclinal ramp (proximal outer to inner ramp), Mid-ramp to lagoonal",
      "basin": "Kohat-Potwar Basin",
      "region": "Hazara and Kala Chitta ranges; Margalla Hills (Islamabad); Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin; Potwar Basin; Kohat Basin; Azad Kashmir",
      "fossils": "Nummulites mamillatus; Nummulites atacicus; Assilina spinosa; Assilina laminosa; Assilina granulosa; Assilina exponens; Lockhartia tipperi; Lockhartia conditi; Alveolina; Operculina; Miliolids; Gastropods; Echinoids",
      "synonyms": "Margalla Hill Limestone (alternative spelling); Sakesar Limestone (lateral facies equivalent; treated as a synonym in GSP Memoir Vol. 24)",
      "economic": "Fractured carbonate hydrocarbon reservoir and outcrop analogue in the Kala Chitta-Margalla-Hazara petroleum province; also one of the principal cement-rock (limestone) sources of the Potwar Plateau area, quarried in large quantity where close to markets or rail lines (Drewes and others, 2007); used locally as building and aggregate stone.",
      "economicResources": "Reservoir; Cement & lime; Building stone",
      "overlies": "Patala Formation",
      "underlies": "Chorgali Formation",
      "lowerContact": "conformable",
      "upperContact": "conformable",
      "references": 13
    },
    {
      "id": "marghazar-formation",
      "name": "Marghazar Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/marghazar-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Carboniferous",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Carboniferous",
      "introducedBy": "DiPietro (1990)",
      "typeLocality": "Stream valley north and south of Marghazar village, Lower Swat.",
      "coordinates": "34.7000, 72.3600",
      "lat": 34.7,
      "lng": 72.36,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Garnetiferous schist, amphibolite, hornblende schist, psammitic schist and phlogopite marble.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Manglour Formation",
      "underlies": "Kashala Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 7
    },
    {
      "id": "mekhband-formation",
      "name": "Mekhband Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/mekhband-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Permian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Permian",
      "introducedBy": "DiPietro and Isachsen (2001)",
      "typeLocality": "",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "",
      "lithologyType": "",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Pinjkora Complex",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "miranjani-limestone",
      "name": "Miranjani Limestone",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/miranjani-limestone",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Precambrian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Precambrian",
      "introducedBy": "Calkins et al. (1969)",
      "typeLocality": "Miranjani, Hazara (the Galis area)",
      "coordinates": "34.1050, 73.4033",
      "lat": 34.105,
      "lng": 73.4033,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Limestone (locally dolomitic).",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Hazara Sub-Basin",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "Salkhala Formation",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "misri-banda-quartzite",
      "name": "Misri Banda Quartzite",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/misri-banda-quartzite",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Ordovician",
      "epoch": "Early-Middle Ordovician",
      "age": "Ordovician (Tremadoc-Llandeilo)",
      "introducedBy": "Stauffer (1968); restricted by Pogue and Hussain (1986)",
      "typeLocality": "Near Misri Banda, 10 km NE of Nowshera (34.017 N, 72.101 E).",
      "coordinates": "34.0172, 72.1014",
      "lat": 34.0172,
      "lng": 72.1014,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Arenaceous and calcareous quartzite (fine- to medium-grained quartz with feldspar in a siliceous to calcareous matrix), cross-bedded and ripple-marked with vertical Skolithos burrows; dark-grey laminated argillite in the upper part.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "shallow marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "Cruziana rugosa (trace fossils); Skolithos burrows",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Ambar Formation",
      "underlies": "Panjpir Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "murree-formation",
      "name": "Murree Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/murree-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Cenozoic",
      "period": "Neogene",
      "epoch": "Miocene",
      "age": "Early Miocene (Aquitanian-Burdigalian)",
      "introducedBy": "Wynne (1874) 'Mari Group' / Lydekker (1876) 'Murree Beds' / Pilgrim (1910) 'Murree Series'; formalized by the Stratigraphic Committee of Pakistan, from the Murree hills, Rawalpindi",
      "typeLocality": "Dhok Maiki, Murree Hills, Rawalpindi District",
      "coordinates": "33.417255, 72.569802",
      "lat": 33.417255,
      "lng": 72.569802,
      "thickness": "2000-3000 m",
      "lithology": "Red to purple sandstone and shale (molasse)",
      "lithologyType": "sandstone",
      "environment": "fluvial, continental",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Potwar Basin; Kohat Basin; Hazara Basin; Azad Kashmir",
      "fossils": "Mammal bones; Freshwater molluscs; Plant fossils",
      "synonyms": "Mari Group; Murree Beds; Murree Series",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Kuldana Formation",
      "underlies": "Kamlial Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 9
    },
    {
      "id": "nammal-formation",
      "name": "Nammal Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/nammal-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Cenozoic",
      "period": "Paleogene",
      "epoch": "Early Eocene",
      "age": "Early Eocene (Ypresian)",
      "introducedBy": "",
      "typeLocality": "Nammal Gorge, western Salt Range",
      "coordinates": "32.6700, 71.8000",
      "lat": 32.67,
      "lng": 71.8,
      "thickness": "50-100 m",
      "lithology": "Shale, marl and limestone.",
      "lithologyType": "shale",
      "environment": "marine, shallow marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Salt Range; Kohat Basin; Potwar Basin; Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "Planktonic foraminifera; Nannofossils",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Patala Formation",
      "underlies": "Sakesar Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 8
    },
    {
      "id": "naran-formation",
      "name": "Naran Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/naran-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Early Paleozoic",
      "introducedBy": "Greco et al. (1989)",
      "typeLocality": "Naran area, Upper Kaghan valley",
      "coordinates": "34.9042, 73.6586",
      "lat": 34.9042,
      "lng": 73.6586,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Metapelitic to metagreywacke gneiss.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Hazara Sub-Basin",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 4
    },
    {
      "id": "naril-group",
      "name": "Naril Group",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/naril-group",
      "rank": "group",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Precambrian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Precambrian (pre-Cambrian basement; tentatively correlated with the ~1850 Ma Iskere Gneiss)",
      "introducedBy": "Malik et al. (1996)",
      "typeLocality": "",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "",
      "lithologyType": "",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Upper Neelam Valley",
      "provinces": "Azad Kashmir",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "nakanai-ghar-formation",
      "name": "Nikanai Ghar Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/nakanai-ghar-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "Mesozoic",
      "period": "Triassic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Triassic",
      "introducedBy": "DiPietro (1990)",
      "typeLocality": "Stream valleys on the south side of Jafar Sar, south-central Lower Swat.",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "at least ~1200 m",
      "lithology": "Marble (the Nikanai Ghar Marble).",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "Nikanai Ghar Formation; Nikanai Ghar Marble; Nakanai Ghar Formation",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Saidu Formation",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 8
    },
    {
      "id": "nowshera-formation",
      "name": "Nowshera Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/nowshera-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Devonian",
      "epoch": "Early Devonian",
      "age": "Early Devonian",
      "introducedBy": "Stauffer (1968); redefined by Pogue and Hussain (1986)",
      "typeLocality": "3.5 km north of Nowshera",
      "coordinates": "34.0470, 71.9750",
      "lat": 34.047,
      "lng": 71.975,
      "thickness": "595 m",
      "lithology": "Reef limestone rich in corals and stromatoporoids, surrounded by brecciated reef limestone and sparsely fossiliferous dolomite, with a middle carbonate-cemented sandstone unit.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine, reef",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "Corals; Stromatoporoids; Cephalopods; Gastropods; Brachiopods; Conodonts",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Panjpir Formation",
      "underlies": "Shagai Limestone",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 9
    },
    {
      "id": "owsi-nala-limestone",
      "name": "Owsi Nala Limestone",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/owsi-nala-limestone",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Silurian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Middle to Late Silurian",
      "introducedBy": "",
      "typeLocality": "Owsi Nala, Khyber area",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "~30 m",
      "lithology": "Limestone with shale intercalations.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Spin Rag Quartzite",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "panjal-formation",
      "name": "Panjal Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/panjal-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Carboniferous–Permian",
      "epoch": "Early Permian",
      "age": "Early Permian (~290 Ma)",
      "introducedBy": "Calkins et al. (1969)",
      "typeLocality": "Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis (Nosehri, lower Neelum; Lamnian, upper Jhelum)",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Moderately metamorphosed lava flows and tuffs ('greenstones'; the Panjal volcanics), together with black agglomeratic slate — Carboniferous shale, slate and phyllite with quartzose agglomeratic sandstone.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "volcanic, marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, Kaghan Nappe And Nosehri Area Of Lower Neelum And Lamnian Area Of Upper Jhelum, Azad Kashmir",
      "provinces": "Azad Kashmir",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "Panjal System; Panjal Traps; Panjal Volcanic Series; Agglomeratic Slate",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 9
    },
    {
      "id": "panjal-group",
      "name": "Panjal Group",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/panjal-group",
      "rank": "group",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Carboniferous–Permian",
      "epoch": "Early Permian",
      "age": "Early Permian (~290 Ma)",
      "introducedBy": "Chaudhry et al. (1986)",
      "typeLocality": "",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "A thick sequence comprising the Chushal and Panjal formations (agglomeratic slate and Panjal volcanic greenstones).",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, Kaghan Nappe And Nosehri Area Of Lower Neelum And Lamnian Area Of Upper Jhelum, Azad Kashmir",
      "provinces": "Azad Kashmir",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 6
    },
    {
      "id": "panjpir-formation",
      "name": "Panjpir Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/panjpir-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Ordovician–Silurian",
      "epoch": "Middle Ordovician(?)–Late Silurian (Pridolian)",
      "age": "Middle Ordovician(?) to Late Silurian",
      "introducedBy": "Pogue and Hussain (1986)",
      "typeLocality": "Panjpir village, Mardan District",
      "coordinates": "34.1000, 72.5333",
      "lat": 34.1,
      "lng": 72.5333,
      "thickness": "110–1,075 m",
      "lithology": "Slate and phyllite with intercalations of limestone and quartzite, and a basal conglomerate carrying quartzite, dolomite, limestone and argillite clasts.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "Crinoids; Pelecypods; Cephalopods; Nautiloids; Conodonts",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Jobra Formation",
      "underlies": "Nowshera Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 7
    },
    {
      "id": "pir-sabak-formation",
      "name": "Pir Sabak Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/pir-sabak-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Devonian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Devonian",
      "introducedBy": "Shah (1977)",
      "typeLocality": "",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Limestone and dolomite.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "Corals",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "rajawal-formation",
      "name": "Rajawal Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/rajawal-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Neoproterozoic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Proterozoic (Neoproterozoic)",
      "introducedBy": "",
      "typeLocality": "",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Batal and Rajwal quartzites, Paludaran graphitic schist, quartz-mica schist, gneiss, pegmatite, aplite and granite gneiss.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Hazara Sub-Basin",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "saidu-formation",
      "name": "Saidu Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/saidu-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Mesozoic",
      "period": "Triassic–Jurassic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Triassic–Jurassic",
      "introducedBy": "Kazmi et al. (1986)",
      "typeLocality": "Nikanai Ghar range, southern Swat",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "up to ~1000 m",
      "lithology": "Calcareous and pelitic schist (the Saidu Schist).",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Kashala Formation",
      "underlies": "Nikanai Ghar Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 6
    },
    {
      "id": "sakesar-formation",
      "name": "Sakesar Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sakesar-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Cenozoic",
      "period": "Paleogene",
      "epoch": "Eocene",
      "age": "Early Eocene (Ypresian)",
      "introducedBy": "Gee in Fermor (1935); age-diagnostic larger foraminifera established by Davies and Pinfold (1937)",
      "typeLocality": "Sakesar Peak, Salt Range",
      "coordinates": "32.53, 71.93",
      "lat": 32.53,
      "lng": 71.93,
      "thickness": "~30 to 150 m across the Salt Range (locally as thin as ~18 m at Nammal Gorge); up to ~220 m at Chichali Pass and over 300 m in parts of the Surghar Range",
      "lithology": "Light grey to off-white, thin- to thick-bedded, nodular to massive limestone with subordinate marl and shale, and chert nodules common in the upper part.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "Shallow marine, Subtidal, Inner to middle carbonate ramp",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "Salt Range and Surghar Range (Upper Indus Basin)",
      "provinces": "Salt Range; Kohat Basin; Potwar Basin; Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "Nummulites mamillatus; Nummulites atacicus; Assilina spinosa; Assilina granulosa; Assilina laminosa; Alveolina; Lockhartia tipperi; Lockhartia conditi; Discocyclina; Gastropods; Echinoids",
      "synonyms": "Margala Hill Limestone (lateral facies equivalent; treated as a synonym in GSP Memoir Vol. 24)",
      "economic": "Cement raw material and construction aggregate; fractured carbonate reservoir and outcrop analogue in the Potwar-Salt Range petroleum system.",
      "economicResources": "Reservoir; Salt & evaporites; Cement & lime; Building stone",
      "overlies": "Nammal Formation",
      "underlies": "Chorgali Formation",
      "lowerContact": "conformable",
      "upperContact": "conformable",
      "references": 13
    },
    {
      "id": "salkhala-formation",
      "name": "Salkhala Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/salkhala-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Neoproterozoic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Precambrian (Neoproterozoic)",
      "introducedBy": "Wadia, in Pascoe (1929), as the 'Salkhala Series'",
      "typeLocality": "Salkhala village, Kishanganga River, Kashmir",
      "coordinates": "34.5850, 73.7300",
      "lat": 34.585,
      "lng": 73.73,
      "thickness": "3000+ m",
      "lithology": "Schist, phyllite, quartzite, carbonaceous material, marble",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Azad Kashmir",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "Salkhala Series",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Crystalline basement",
      "underlies": "Dogra Sequence",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 6
    },
    {
      "id": "samana-suk-formation",
      "name": "Samana Suk Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/samana-suk-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Mesozoic",
      "period": "Jurassic",
      "epoch": "Middle Jurassic",
      "age": "Middle Jurassic (Bajocian-Bathonian)",
      "introducedBy": "Fatmi (1977)",
      "typeLocality": "Samana Suk peak, Samana Range, Kohat",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "200-400 m",
      "lithology": "Massive grey limestone",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine, shallow marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Salt Range; Hazara Basin; Kohat Basin; Potwar Basin",
      "fossils": "Corals; Brachiopods; Echinoids; Foraminifera; Algae",
      "synonyms": "Baroch Limestone",
      "economic": "A widespread Jurassic carbonate reservoir target in the Upper Indus Basin; also quarried for aggregate and cement raw material.",
      "economicResources": "Reservoir; Cement & lime; Building stone",
      "overlies": "Shinawari Formation",
      "underlies": "Chichali Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 17
    },
    {
      "id": "shagai-formation",
      "name": "Shagai Limestone",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/shagai-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Silurian–Devonian",
      "epoch": "Silurian(?)–Early Devonian",
      "age": "Silurian(?)–Early Devonian",
      "introducedBy": "Stauffer (1968)",
      "typeLocality": "1 km northeast of Shagai, Khyber Pass",
      "coordinates": "34.0172, 71.2800",
      "lat": 34.0172,
      "lng": 71.28,
      "thickness": "up to ~33 m",
      "lithology": "Grey to black, partly brown limestone, thin- to thick-bedded, locally dolomitic and highly fractured, with thinly laminated limestone and sheared shale at the top.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Nowshera Formation",
      "underlies": "Ali Masjid Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 6
    },
    {
      "id": "shahkot-formation",
      "name": "Shahkot Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/shahkot-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Precambrian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Precambrian",
      "introducedBy": "Tahirkheli (1970)",
      "typeLocality": "Gandghar and Attock-Cherat Ranges",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "about 300 m",
      "lithology": "Limestone, argillite and shale, with a basal cherty limestone and thin discontinuous algal limestone in the upper part.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Manki Formation",
      "underlies": "Uch Khattak Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 4
    },
    {
      "id": "sharda-group",
      "name": "Sharda Group",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sharda-group",
      "rank": "group",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Middle Proterozoic to Archaean",
      "introducedBy": "Ghazanfar and Chaudhry (1986)",
      "typeLocality": "Upper Kaghan valley, north of the Batal Fault",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "High-grade garnetiferous calc-pelitic gneiss, pelitic gneiss (with kyanite and sillimanite), graphitic gneiss and marble, with sheet granites and amphibolite.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Hazara Sub-Basin",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 5
    },
    {
      "id": "shekhai-formation",
      "name": "Shekhai Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/shekhai-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Precambrian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Precambrian",
      "introducedBy": "Tahirkheli (1970)",
      "typeLocality": "Gandghar Range",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "at least 300 m",
      "lithology": "Limestone and marble (locally oolitic, grey to light-brown and pink) with subordinate quartzite and shale; brecciated white marble is locally associated with igneous dykes.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "A source of cement rock — the Precambrian Shekhai Limestone is quarried, for example, at the Cherat lime plant about 30 km southeast of Peshawar.",
      "economicResources": "Cement & lime",
      "overlies": "Uch Khattak Formation",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 5
    },
    {
      "id": "sherwan-formation",
      "name": "Sherwan Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sherwan-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Carboniferous",
      "epoch": "Pennsylvanian",
      "age": "Late Carboniferous (dolomite; hosted soapstone/talc altered in the Permian)",
      "introducedBy": "",
      "typeLocality": "Sherwan area near Abbottabad, Hazara (Lesser Himalaya); soapstone mined at the Khandakhu Mine, ~42 km from Abbottabad.",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Dolostone (dolomite), locally altered to dolostone-hosted soapstone (talc/steatite) with brucite, magnesite, willemseite, montmorillonite, pyrite and hematite.",
      "lithologyType": "dolomite",
      "environment": "marine, carbonate platform",
      "basin": "Hazara Basin",
      "region": "Lesser Himalaya",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "Anthracoporella spectabilis (dasyclad alga, Late Carboniferous)",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "A premium soapstone (talc/steatite) source — the dolostone-hosted talc bodies are actively mined in the Sherwan area of Abbottabad (e.g. the Khandakhu Mine). Trace chromium levels bear on the industrial grade of the soapstone (Majeed et al. 2025).",
      "economicResources": "Other",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "shinawari-formation",
      "name": "Shinawari Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/shinawari-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Mesozoic",
      "period": "Jurassic",
      "epoch": "Middle Jurassic",
      "age": "Middle Jurassic (Aalenian-Bajocian)",
      "introducedBy": "Fatmi (1977)",
      "typeLocality": "Shinawari area, western Samana Range, Kohat District",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "20-50 m",
      "lithology": "Marine shale with sandstone",
      "lithologyType": "shale",
      "environment": "marine, lagoon, marginal marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Salt Range; Hazara Basin; Kohat Basin; Potwar Basin",
      "fossils": "Ammonites; Bivalves; Foraminifera",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "Basal beds and part of the Shinawari are believed to be fair source rocks of the Jurassic in the Upper Indus Basin.",
      "economicResources": "Source rock",
      "overlies": "Datta Formation",
      "underlies": "Samana Suk Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 10
    },
    {
      "id": "sikaram-series",
      "name": "Sikaram Series",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sikaram-series",
      "rank": "group",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Silurian–Triassic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Siluro-Devonian to Triassic (uncertain; Triassic Lithodendroid fossils reported in eastern Spinghar by Griesbach 1892)",
      "introducedBy": "Badshah et al. (2000)",
      "typeLocality": "Summit of Sikaram Sar (4755 m), western Spinghar (Safed Koh) Range, NW Pakistan.",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Claystone and carbonaceous shale (lower) passing up into slate and graphitic schist; quartz-mica schist boudins with garnet porphyroblasts locally.",
      "lithologyType": "claystone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "NW Indian plate margin",
      "region": "Spinghar (Safed Koh) Range",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "sobrah-formation",
      "name": "Sobrah Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sobrah-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Precambrian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Precambrian",
      "introducedBy": "",
      "typeLocality": "Near Tarbela Dam, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Thin limestone unit overlying the Manki Formation near Tarbela Dam.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Manki Formation",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "spinghar-quartzite",
      "name": "Spinghar Quartzite",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/spinghar-quartzite",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Silurian–Devonian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Silurian to Devonian (correlation)",
      "introducedBy": "Badshah et al. (2000)",
      "typeLocality": "Eastern Spinghar (Safed Koh) Range, NW Pakistan.",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "White to grey-white, bedded quartzite with basal grit and conglomerate; locally imbricated.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "shallow marine",
      "basin": "NW Indian plate margin",
      "region": "Spinghar (Safed Koh) Range",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "spinkai-formation",
      "name": "Spinkai Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/spinkai-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Permian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Permian",
      "introducedBy": "Tahirkheli et al. (1975)",
      "typeLocality": "Spinkai, Malakand area",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "~90 m",
      "lithology": "Limestone and shale.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Malakand",
      "provinces": "Swat–Malakand",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "surgun-group",
      "name": "Surgun Group",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/surgun-group",
      "rank": "group",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Carboniferous–Mesozoic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Palaeozoic to Mesozoic (cover sequence)",
      "introducedBy": "Malik et al. (1996)",
      "typeLocality": "Surgan, Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis area",
      "coordinates": "34.77, 74.19",
      "lat": 34.77,
      "lng": 74.19,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "",
      "lithologyType": "",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis, Kaghan Nappe And Nosehri Area Of Lower Neelum And Lamnian Area Of Upper Jhelum, Azad Kashmir",
      "provinces": "Azad Kashmir",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "tanaki-boulder-bed",
      "name": "Tanaki Boulder Bed",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/tanaki-boulder-bed",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Neoproterozoic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Neoproterozoic (Marinoan, ~605–595 Ma)",
      "introducedBy": "Latif (1970)",
      "typeLocality": "Southeastern Hazara, Hazara Fold-and-Thrust Belt, northern Pakistan (named by Latif 1970).",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Very poorly sorted, matrix-supported conglomerate (diamictite) with angular to sub-rounded clasts 3–50 cm across — dark-grey siltstone, slate and shale and light-grey to brown quartzite reworked from the Hazara and Tanawal formations — in a matrix of fine pebbles, sand, silt and argillite.",
      "lithologyType": "conglomerate",
      "environment": "glaciogenic, glaciomarine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "Tanakki Boulder Bed; Tanakki Conglomerate",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Tanawal Formation",
      "underlies": "Abbottabad Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "tanawal-formation",
      "name": "Tanawal Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/tanawal-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Neoproterozoic",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Proterozoic",
      "introducedBy": "Wynne (1879)",
      "typeLocality": "Tanawal village, north of Tarbela",
      "coordinates": "34.4200, 72.9700",
      "lat": 34.42,
      "lng": 72.97,
      "thickness": "1000-2000 m",
      "lithology": "Metaquartzite, metapsammite and garnet-mica schist (quartzite and schist).",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Hazara Basin",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "Tanol Group; Tanol Quartzites; Tanol Formation",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Hazara Formation",
      "underlies": "Abbottabad Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 11
    },
    {
      "id": "tilgram-formation",
      "name": "Tilgram Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/tilgram-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "",
      "period": "",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "",
      "introducedBy": "Chaudhry et al. (1992)",
      "typeLocality": "",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "",
      "lithologyType": "",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "Girarai Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 2
    },
    {
      "id": "tursak-formation",
      "name": "Tursak Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/tursak-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Silurian–Devonian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Silurian–Devonian",
      "introducedBy": "Chaudhry et al. (1992)",
      "typeLocality": "",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "",
      "lithologyType": "",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Girarai Formation",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "uch-khattak-formation",
      "name": "Uch Khattak Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/uch-khattak-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Precambrian",
      "period": "Precambrian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Precambrian",
      "introducedBy": "Tahirkheli (1970)",
      "typeLocality": "Attock-Cherat and Gandghar Ranges",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "200–250 m",
      "lithology": "Limestone, argillite and shale; a lower stromatolite-bearing limestone is overlain by laminated argillite and shale, with an intraformational conglomerate carrying clasts of the Manki and Shahkot formations.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Shahkot Formation",
      "underlies": "Shekhai Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 4
    },
    {
      "id": "warran-ghundai-formation",
      "name": "Warran Ghundai Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/warran-ghundai-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "under-review",
      "era": "Paleozoic",
      "period": "Devonian",
      "epoch": "",
      "age": "Late Devonian (?late Famennian)",
      "introducedBy": "",
      "typeLocality": "",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Slate, phyllite, quartzite and dolomitic limestone.",
      "lithologyType": "metamorphic",
      "environment": "marine",
      "basin": "Northern Indus Suture",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Khyber–Nowshera Belt",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 3
    }
  ]
}