{ "dataset": "Pakistan Stratigraphy Explorer — Kakar-Khurasan Basin (Back Arc)", "basin": "Kakar-Khurasan Basin (Back Arc)", "provinces": [ "Zhob-Muslim Bagh" ], "source": "https://stratigraphy.pk", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "generated": "2026-10-29", "count": 26, "units": [ { "id": "akhtar-nika-formation", "name": "Akhtar Nika Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/akhtar-nika-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Cretaceous", "age": "Cretaceous", "introducedBy": "Aminullah & Kansi (2012)", "typeLocality": "Qila Saifullah–Sharin Jogezai section", "coordinates": "30.7011, 68.3597", "lat": 30.7011, "lng": 68.3597, "thickness": "1,000–1,500 m", "lithology": "Alternating limestone and shale (Parh-like limestone near Mand).", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "marine", "basin": "Balochistan Basin", "region": "Kakar-Khurasan Basin", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 2 }, { "id": "bahlol-nika-formation", "name": "Bahlol Nika Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/bahlol-nika-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Neogene", "epoch": "Early–Middle Miocene", "age": "Early to Middle Miocene", "introducedBy": "Kasi et al. (2012)", "typeLocality": "Stream section south of the Bahlol Nika Ziarat, Dasht Murgha area, about 30 km northwest of Qila Saifullah (reference section; published location N 30 deg 54 min 30 sec E 68 deg 22 min 03 sec; coordinate not independently confirmed).", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "up to ~1,200 m", "lithology": "Dominantly greyish-green (subordinately reddish-brown) fine- to medium-grained sandstone with subordinate greenish-grey to maroon mudstone, siltstone and occasional pebbly conglomerate; large-scale trough cross-bedding; fluvial.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "fluvial", "basin": "Pishin–Katawaz Basin", "region": "Pishin Belt (Dasht Murgha)", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Khuzhobai Formation", "underlies": "Sra Khula Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 1 }, { "id": "bostan-formation", "name": "Bostan Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/bostan-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Quaternary", "epoch": "Middle Pleistocene to Holocene", "age": "Middle Pleistocene to present (Chibanian-Holocene; ~0.77-0 Ma)", "introducedBy": "Malkani (2012)", "typeLocality": "Kamroud village, Siahan Range (Makran)", "coordinates": "30.4325, 67.0061", "lat": 30.4325, "lng": 67.0061, "thickness": "600-750 m", "lithology": "Gypsiferous claystone to sandstone; lacustrine to playa deposits.", "lithologyType": "claystone", "environment": "lacustrine, playa", "basin": "Balochistan Basin", "region": "Kakar-Khurasan Basin", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "Sakhi Sarwar Group (in part)", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "", "underlies": "Subrecent and Recent deposits", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 8 }, { "id": "dasht-murgha-group", "name": "Dasht Murgha Group", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/dasht-murgha-group", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Neogene", "epoch": "Middle–Late Miocene", "age": "Middle to Late Miocene", "introducedBy": "Kasi et al. (2012)", "typeLocality": "Dasht Murgha Syncline (Dasht Murgha area), Pishin Belt — designated reference section; the group reaches a maximum thickness of ~4,800 m in the Naweoba area near Zhob.", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "up to ~4,800 m (Naweoba area)", "lithology": "Interbedded sandstone (lithic arenite/sublitharenite), mudstone and conglomerate; fluvial.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "fluvial", "basin": "Pishin–Katawaz Basin", "region": "Pishin Belt (Qila Saifullah)", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Khojak Formation", "underlies": "Malthanai Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 2 }, { "id": "haro-conglomerate", "name": "Haro Conglomerate Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/haro-conglomerate", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Quaternary", "period": "Quaternary", "epoch": "Pleistocene", "age": "Pleistocene (Gelasian–Calabrian; ~2.58–0.77 Ma)", "introducedBy": "", "typeLocality": "Gesh Kaur near Kharan-type section", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "600-1,500 m thick. m", "lithology": "Conglomerate and coarse-grained sandstone.", "lithologyType": "conglomerate", "environment": "", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh; Chagai Hills", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "", "underlies": "Bostan Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 4 }, { "id": "hinglaj-formation", "name": "Hinglaj Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/hinglaj-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Neogene", "epoch": "Late Oligocene to Pliocene", "age": "Late Oligocene to Pliocene (Aquitanian-Piacenzian; ~23.0-2.58 Ma)", "introducedBy": "Vredenburg (1906)", "typeLocality": "Hinglaj hills, Makran Flysch Province", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "3030-4545 m (4000 m at Hinglaj hills; 4545 m at Talar, 3030 m at Jiwani)", "lithology": "Dominantly sandstone with shale, subordinate shelly limestone and minor conglomerate; grey to brown, fine- to coarse-grained, gritty to pebbly, usually calcareous.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "foreshore beach, shoreface, shallow marine", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Makran Coast; Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "Assilina mamilla; Fasciolites borealis; Discocyclina undulata; Lepidocyclina blanfordi; Lepidocyclina dilatata; Nummulites atacicus; Nummulites fichteli; Nummulites intermedius; Spiroclypeus sp.", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Khojak Formation", "underlies": "Chatti Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 3 }, { "id": "jabrai-formation", "name": "Jabrai Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/jabrai-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Cretaceous", "age": "Cretaceous", "introducedBy": "Aminullah & Kansi (2012)", "typeLocality": "Qila Saifullah–Sharin Jogezai section", "coordinates": "30.7011, 68.3597", "lat": 30.7011, "lng": 68.3597, "thickness": "500–1,000 m", "lithology": "Mudstone and shale with alternations of thin marl and limestone beds.", "lithologyType": "mudstone", "environment": "marine", "basin": "Balochistan Basin", "region": "Kakar-Khurasan Basin", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 3 }, { "id": "kharari-formation", "name": "Kharari Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/kharari-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Triassic-Jurassic", "epoch": "Late Triassic (?) to Early Jurassic", "age": "Late Triassic (?) to Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian; ~201.36-196.18 Ma)", "introducedBy": "Fatmi et al. (1990), from Kharrari Nai (Mor Range), Windar area (previously in Hunting's 'Windar group'/'Zidi formation')", "typeLocality": "Kharari Nai, Mor Range (35K/16", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "248-824 m", "lithology": "Sandy limestone. Anwar et al. (1991) described the lithology to consist of limestone, dolomite, sandstone, siltstone and shale in the type locality. The sandstone is grey, light grey, purplish brown, weathering brownish grey, thin to medium bedded, fine to medium grained, well sorted, quartzose, micaceous, gritty, cross bedded, fragmentary and friable. The limestone is grey to brownish grey, weat…", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 2 }, { "id": "khojak-formation", "name": "Khojak Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/khojak-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Late Eocene to Early Miocene (mainly Oligocene)", "age": "Late Eocene to Early Miocene, mainly Oligocene (Priabonian-Chattian; ~35.8-23.0 Ma)", "introducedBy": "Vredenburg (1909)", "typeLocality": "Nauroz, 30 km NE of Kharan (Kalat)", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "900-1500 m (around the type locality); members up to several thousand m", "lithology": "Shale, sandstone and siltstone of mainly turbiditic and deltaic origin (Katawaz remnant ocean); locally carbonaceous with lignite lenses.", "lithologyType": "shale", "environment": "deltaic, submarine fan, deep marine", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh; Chagai Hills", "fossils": "Lepidocyclina dilatata; Nummulites fichteli; Nummulites intermedius; Nummulites vascus; Nummulites atacicus; Assilina granulosa; Dictyoconoides cooki", "synonyms": "Khojak Shale", "economic": "Locally carbonaceous, with lenses of lignite.", "economicResources": "Coal & lignite", "overlies": "Kharan Formation", "underlies": "Hinglaj Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 9 }, { "id": "khuzhobai-formation", "name": "Khuzhobai Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/khuzhobai-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Neogene", "epoch": "Early–Middle Miocene", "age": "Early to Middle Miocene", "introducedBy": "Kasi et al. (2012)", "typeLocality": "Khuzhobai section (reference section) at the Khuzhobai spring, about 25 km north of Qila Saifullah on the Qila Saifullah–Sharan Jogezai road, Pishin Belt (published reference-section location N 30 deg 54 min E 68 deg 30 min; coordinate not independently confirmed).", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "~150 m", "lithology": "Cyclic sandstone and dominant brownish-red to maroon mudstone (gypsiferous in the upper part), with reddish-brown fine- to coarse-grained channel sandstone; fluvial.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "fluvial", "basin": "Pishin–Katawaz Basin", "region": "Pishin Belt (Dasht Murgha)", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Nisai Limestone", "underlies": "Bahlol Nika Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 1 }, { "id": "malikhore-formation", "name": "Malikhore Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/malikhore-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Jurassic", "epoch": "Early Jurassic", "age": "Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian; ~196.18-184.2 Ma)", "introducedBy": "", "typeLocality": "Malikhore village (35 I/9, 27 km WNW of Khuzdar", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "136-387 m", "lithology": "Oolitic limestone. Anwar et al. (1991) described the lithology in the type section to be mainly composed of thick-bedded limestone with subordinate calcareous shale/marl as thin partings. The limestone is grey to greyish brown, weathering to brown, thick bedded to massive, biomicritic and hard, peletic, oolitic, coquinoidal and shelly with frequent bioturbated mottled beds. The shale is black, fi…", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Kharari Formation", "underlies": "Anjira Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 2 }, { "id": "malthanai-formation", "name": "Malthanai Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/malthanai-formation", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Neogene", "epoch": "Late Miocene–Pliocene", "age": "Late Miocene to Pliocene", "introducedBy": "Kasi et al. (2012), renaming the 'Multana Formation' of the Hunting Survey Corporation (1960)", "typeLocality": "Oblin Nala section near Malthanai village, Pishin Belt (type section; published location N 31 deg 02 min 15 sec E 69 deg 04 min 41 sec, coordinate not independently confirmed); ~2,500 m thick.", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "~2,500 m (Oblin Nala type section)", "lithology": "Sandstone (lithic arenite) with subordinate mudstone and conglomerate; fluvial.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "fluvial", "basin": "Pishin–Katawaz Basin", "region": "Pishin Belt", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "Multana Formation", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Dasht Murgha Group", "underlies": "Bostan Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 2 }, { "id": "mina-formation", "name": "Mina Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/mina-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Eocene", "age": "Eocene", "introducedBy": "Malkani (2014)", "typeLocality": "Mina village, Shagala–Zhob road", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "about 2000m", "lithology": "Marine alternating green shale and fine-grained sandstone.", "lithologyType": "shale", "environment": "marine, deep marine", "basin": "Balochistan Basin", "region": "Kakar-Khurasan Basin", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "Panjgur Formation (in part)", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Murgha Faqirzai Formation", "underlies": "Shagala Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 2 }, { "id": "moro-formation", "name": "Moro Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/moro-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian", "age": "Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) (Maastrichtian; ~70.02-67.88 Ma)", "introducedBy": "Hunting Survey Corporation (1960)", "typeLocality": "Moro River section in Kirthar Range, between Johan and Bibi Nani", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "~110–140 m", "lithology": "Pelagic marl. It consists of grey, medium to thick bedded, grey to dark grey marl, dark grey to grey green calcareous shale and minor sandstone and volcanic conglomerate of mottled appearance (only in the lower part). Limestone is the dominant lithology in the Sulaiman Province where it contains chert lenses, while marl is dominant in Sanjawi area (Sulaiman Province) and the Axial Belt. In the Ki…", "lithologyType": "marl", "environment": "shallow marine, open shelf", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sindh Province; Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "Orbitoides; Orbitella; bivalves; brachiopods; gastropods", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Parh Limestone", "underlies": "Khadro Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 6 }, { "id": "murgha-faqirzai-formation", "name": "Murgha Faqirzai Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/murgha-faqirzai-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Paleocene–Early Eocene", "age": "Paleocene–Eocene", "introducedBy": "HSC (1961)", "typeLocality": "Murgha Faqirzai village, north of Muslimbagh", "coordinates": "31.0542, 67.7789", "lat": 31.0542, "lng": 67.7789, "thickness": "400-1200m", "lithology": "Shale with minor sandstone and shelly limestone.", "lithologyType": "shale", "environment": "marine, deep marine", "basin": "Balochistan Basin", "region": "Kakar-Khurasan Basin", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "Dictyoconoides cooki", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Nisai Limestone", "underlies": "Mina Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 8 }, { "id": "muslim-bagh-ophiolite", "name": "Muslim Bagh Ophiolite", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/muslim-bagh-ophiolite", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Cretaceous", "epoch": "Late Cretaceous", "age": "Late Cretaceous", "introducedBy": "Vredenburg (1901); reconnaissance-mapped by the Hunting Survey Corporation (1960)", "typeLocality": "Muslim Bagh, Balochistan", "coordinates": "30.7519, 67.8206", "lat": 30.7519, "lng": 67.8206, "thickness": "5000+ m (complete sequence)", "lithology": "Ultramafic rocks (peridotite, dunite), gabbro, sheeted dykes, pillow lavas, chromite", "lithologyType": "igneous", "environment": "oceanic lithosphere", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "Major chromite deposits, nickel potential, asbestos", "economicResources": "Metals & minerals", "overlies": "Indian plate margin sediments", "underlies": "Post-obduction sediments", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 11 }, { "id": "nisai-limestone", "name": "Nisai Limestone", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/nisai-limestone", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Cretaceous–Paleocene", "age": "Eocene to Oligocene (locally down to Paleocene)", "introducedBy": "HSC (1961); redefined Cheema et al. (1977)", "typeLocality": "Nisai, near Qila Saifullah", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "100-300 m", "lithology": "Black nummulitic limestone with conglomerate and subordinate clastics (includes the Nimargh, Wad, Wakabi and Wakai limestones of later workers).", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "shallow marine, reef", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Chagai Hills; Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "Miscellanea miscella; Other larger foraminifera; Algae", "synonyms": "Nisai Group; Black Nummulitic Limestone", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Humai Formation", "underlies": "Saindak Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 15 }, { "id": "sakhi-sarwar-group", "name": "Sakhi Sarwar Group", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sakhi-sarwar-group", "rank": "group", "status": "published", "era": "Quaternary", "period": "Quaternary", "epoch": "Pleistocene–Holocene", "age": "Pleistocene–Holocene", "introducedBy": "Malkani (2012)", "typeLocality": "", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "2000m", "lithology": "Conglomerate, mud and sandstone (molasse).", "lithologyType": "conglomerate", "environment": "fluvial, alluvial", "basin": "Balochistan Basin", "region": "Kakar-Khurasan Basin", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "Boston Formation", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 2 }, { "id": "shagala-formation", "name": "Shagala Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/shagala-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Eocene", "age": "Eocene", "introducedBy": "HSC (1961)", "typeLocality": "Shagala militia post, southwest of Zhob", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "3000m", "lithology": "Sandstone and shale with local conglomerate and limestone; sandstone fine to coarse, gritty, grey-green to brown.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "marine, molasse", "basin": "Balochistan Basin", "region": "Kakar-Khurasan Basin", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "Pakitherium shagalai", "synonyms": "Shaigalu Formation; Shagalu Formation", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Mina Formation", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 4 }, { "id": "shagala-group", "name": "Shagala Group", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/shagala-group", "rank": "group", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene", "epoch": "Late Paleocene–Eocene", "age": "Paleocene–Eocene", "introducedBy": "Malkani (2014)", "typeLocality": "", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "", "lithology": "Flysch shale and sandstone with subordinate limestone (Murgha Faqirzai shale and Mina/Panjgur sandstone).", "lithologyType": "shale", "environment": "deep marine, marine", "basin": "Balochistan Basin", "region": "Kakar-Khurasan Basin", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 5 }, { "id": "shaigalu-member", "name": "Shaigalu Member", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/shaigalu-member", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene–Neogene", "epoch": "Oligocene–Miocene", "age": "Oligocene to Early Miocene", "introducedBy": "Hunting Survey Corporation (1960) as the 'Shaigalu sandstone'; formalised as the Shaigalu Member by Shah (2009)", "typeLocality": "Shaigalu militia post, ~50 km southwest of Zhob (reference section); up to ~3,950 m at the Manzakai section (Qayyum et al. 1996).", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "up to ~3,950 m (Manzakai section)", "lithology": "Sandstone with minor interbedded shale (lithic arenite); fluvial- to wave-dominated deltaic.", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "deltaic", "basin": "Pishin–Katawaz Basin", "region": "Khojak–Pishin flysch belt", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "molluscs; gastropods", "synonyms": "Shaigalu Sandstone", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Murgha Faqirzai Formation", "underlies": "Dasht Murgha Group", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 6 }, { "id": "shirinab-group", "name": "Shirinab Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/shirinab-group", "rank": "group", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Triassic-Jurassic", "epoch": "Early Jurassic (Pre-Toarcian); maybe into late Triassic", "age": "Early Jurassic (Pre-Toarcian). Keeping in view the enormous thickness of the formation, it is believed that it may extend into the Triassic (Rhaetian-Pliensbachian; ~203.55-184.2 Ma)", "introducedBy": "Hunting Survey Corporation (1960)", "typeLocality": "Shirinab River section", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "230- >1,000 m More than 1,000 m in the Kallat section, and 230 m (measured, base not exposed) in the Gurruk-Ziarat section. m", "lithology": "Limestone. In the type area, the formation consists of limestone with subordinate marl and shale. The limestone is thin- to thick-bedded, grey to dark grey, ash grey, weathers rusty brown to brownish grey, mottled, sub-lithographic, micritic to biomicritic with shelly, oolitic, peletic and pisolitic interbeds. It is also crinoidal, platy, flaggy, dolomitized and argillaceous at places. Coquina be…", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "marine, shallow marine", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "Lower Toarcian ammonites (Bouleiceras, Protogrammoceras); brachiopods, corals", "synonyms": "", "economic": "Dark Loralai and Anjira members indicate source-rock richness (need TOC/maturity testing).", "economicResources": "Source rock", "overlies": "Malikhore Formation", "underlies": "Chiltan Limestone", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 7 }, { "id": "sra-khula-formation", "name": "Sra Khula Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sra-khula-formation", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Neogene", "epoch": "Middle–Late Miocene", "age": "Middle to Late Miocene", "introducedBy": "Kasi et al. (2012)", "typeLocality": "Core of the Dasht Murgha Syncline near Sra Khula village, Dasht Murgha area, Pishin Belt (reference section; published location N 30 deg 56 min 30 sec E 68 deg 18 min 35 sec; coordinate not independently confirmed).", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "up to ~700 m", "lithology": "Cyclic dark-red to maroon mudstone (intervals up to ~165 m) with subordinate coarse- to very-coarse-grained, pebbly, gritty sandstone (trough and low-angle cross-bedding); rare lateritic beds; fluvial.", "lithologyType": "mudstone", "environment": "fluvial", "basin": "Pishin–Katawaz Basin", "region": "Pishin Belt (Dasht Murgha)", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Bahlol Nika Formation", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 1 }, { "id": "takatu-limestone", "name": "Takatu Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/takatu-limestone", "rank": "formation", "status": "published", "era": "Mesozoic", "period": "Jurassic", "epoch": "Middle Jurassic (Toarcian to Bathonian)", "age": "Middle Jurassic (Toarcian to Bathonian). [NOTE: Upper Mazar Drik Member extends into Early Callovian] (Toarcian-Callovian; ~184.2-163.41 Ma)", "introducedBy": "", "typeLocality": "Dara Manda Nallah", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "757-1,818 m", "lithology": "Reef limestone. It is typically a massive, thick to very thick bedded dark limestone that gives a fetid smell on broken surface. The color varies from dark to very light grey and brown to brownish grey; intraformational conglomerates have been found in the Takatu Range. The texture varies from fine grained, sub-lithographic to oolitic. At places the limestone is reefal or biohermal. The massive m…", "lithologyType": "limestone", "environment": "", "basin": "", "region": "", "provinces": "Sulaiman Fold Belt; Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "Shirinab Formation", "underlies": "Sembar Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 3 }, { "id": "urak-formation", "name": "Urak Formation", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/urak-formation", "rank": "", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Neogene", "epoch": "Pliocene", "age": "Pliocene", "introducedBy": "", "typeLocality": "", "coordinates": "", "lat": null, "lng": null, "thickness": "", "lithology": "Conglomerate, sandstone and shale (molasse).", "lithologyType": "conglomerate", "environment": "fluvial, alluvial", "basin": "Pishin Basin", "region": "Quetta–Pishin (Tungi Syncline)", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "", "economic": "", "economicResources": "", "overlies": "", "underlies": "", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 1 }, { "id": "vihowa-group", "name": "Vihowa Group", "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/vihowa-group", "rank": "group", "status": "published", "era": "Cenozoic", "period": "Paleogene–Neogene", "epoch": "Oligocene–Pliocene", "age": "Oligocene–Pliocene", "introducedBy": "Malkani (2014)", "typeLocality": "Vihowa Rud-type section", "coordinates": "31.0667, 70.2667", "lat": 31.0667, "lng": 70.2667, "thickness": "430-700 m thick. m", "lithology": "Fluvial sandstone, mudstone and conglomerate (molasse).", "lithologyType": "sandstone", "environment": "fluvial, continental", "basin": "Balochistan Basin", "region": "Kakar-Khurasan Basin", "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh", "fossils": "", "synonyms": "Talar Group; Hinglaj Group (in part)", "economic": "Clay deposits; primary and secondary uranium mineralization; silica sand (Zinda Pir, Dera Bugti); ochre / iron; building sandstone and construction aggregate.", "economicResources": "Building stone; Metals & minerals", "overlies": "", "underlies": "Litra Formation", "lowerContact": "", "upperContact": "", "references": 5 } ] }