{
  "dataset": "Pakistan Stratigraphy Explorer — Chagai-Raskoh Magmatic Arc",
  "basin": "Chagai-Raskoh Magmatic Arc",
  "provinces": [
    "Chagai Hills"
  ],
  "source": "https://stratigraphy.pk",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "generated": "2026-10-29",
  "count": 10,
  "units": [
    {
      "id": "haro-conglomerate",
      "name": "Haro Conglomerate Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/haro-conglomerate",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Quaternary",
      "period": "Quaternary",
      "epoch": "Pleistocene",
      "age": "Pleistocene (Gelasian–Calabrian; ~2.58–0.77 Ma)",
      "introducedBy": "",
      "typeLocality": "Gesh Kaur near Kharan-type section",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "600-1,500 m thick. m",
      "lithology": "Conglomerate and coarse-grained sandstone.",
      "lithologyType": "conglomerate",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh; Chagai Hills",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "Bostan Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 4
    },
    {
      "id": "humai-formation",
      "name": "Humai Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/humai-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Mesozoic",
      "period": "Cretaceous",
      "epoch": "Late Cretaceous",
      "age": "Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian; ~72.2-66.0 Ma)",
      "introducedBy": "HSC (1961)",
      "typeLocality": "Koh Humai, North Chagai (Chagai-Raskoh Magmatic Province)",
      "coordinates": "29.1000, 62.8000",
      "lat": 29.1,
      "lng": 62.8,
      "thickness": "91-306 m",
      "lithology": "Variable: shale with calcareous sandstone, siltstone, thin-bedded limestone and volcanic conglomerate (lower); massive reefoid limestone (upper).",
      "lithologyType": "shale",
      "environment": "marine, volcanic-arc",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Chagai Hills",
      "fossils": "Hippurites loftusi; Lepidorbitoides socialis; Orbitoides sp.; Omphalocyclus sp.",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Sinjrani Volcanic Group",
      "underlies": "Rakhshani Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 6
    },
    {
      "id": "kamerod-formation",
      "name": "Kamerod Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/kamerod-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Cenozoic",
      "period": "Quaternary",
      "epoch": "Pleistocene",
      "age": "Pleistocene",
      "introducedBy": "HSC (1961)",
      "typeLocality": "Kamerod, northern margin of the Siahan Range",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "",
      "lithology": "Conglomerate, mudstone and sandstone with unconsolidated gravel, sand, silt and clay (same facies as the Kech Formation).",
      "lithologyType": "conglomerate",
      "environment": "fluvial, alluvial",
      "basin": "Balochistan Basin",
      "region": "Chagai-Raskoh Magmatic Arc",
      "provinces": "Chagai Hills",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "",
      "underlies": "Subrecent and Recent deposits",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 6
    },
    {
      "id": "kharan-formation",
      "name": "Kharan Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/kharan-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Cenozoic",
      "period": "Paleogene",
      "epoch": "Early to Middle Eocene",
      "age": "Early to Middle Eocene (Ypresian-Lutetian; ~56-41.0 Ma)",
      "introducedBy": "Hunting Survey Corporation (1960)",
      "typeLocality": "Near Jalwar, Kharan district (Chagai-Raskoh)",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "90-600 m",
      "lithology": "Reefoid, clay-rich limestone (medium to dark grey, fetid on fresh surface) with thin calcareous shale and calcareous sandstone intercalations.",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Chagai Hills",
      "fossils": "Assilina granulosa; Assilina exponens; Assilina elliptica; Fasciolites oblonga; Discocyclina ranikotensis; Flosculina globosa; Lituonella douvillei; Opertorbitolites douvillei",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Rakhshani Formation",
      "underlies": "Khojak Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 4
    },
    {
      "id": "khojak-formation",
      "name": "Khojak Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/khojak-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Cenozoic",
      "period": "Paleogene",
      "epoch": "Late Eocene to Early Miocene (mainly Oligocene)",
      "age": "Late Eocene to Early Miocene, mainly Oligocene (Priabonian-Chattian; ~35.8-23.0 Ma)",
      "introducedBy": "Vredenburg (1909)",
      "typeLocality": "Nauroz, 30 km NE of Kharan (Kalat)",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "900-1500 m (around the type locality); members up to several thousand m",
      "lithology": "Shale, sandstone and siltstone of mainly turbiditic and deltaic origin (Katawaz remnant ocean); locally carbonaceous with lignite lenses.",
      "lithologyType": "shale",
      "environment": "deltaic, submarine fan, deep marine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Zhob-Muslim Bagh; Chagai Hills",
      "fossils": "Lepidocyclina dilatata; Nummulites fichteli; Nummulites intermedius; Nummulites vascus; Nummulites atacicus; Assilina granulosa; Dictyoconoides cooki",
      "synonyms": "Khojak Shale",
      "economic": "Locally carbonaceous, with lenses of lignite.",
      "economicResources": "Coal & lignite",
      "overlies": "Kharan Formation",
      "underlies": "Hinglaj Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 9
    },
    {
      "id": "koh-i-sultan-volcanic-group",
      "name": "Koh-i-Sultan Volcanic Group",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/koh-i-sultan-volcanic-group",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Cenozoic",
      "period": "Neogene–Quaternary",
      "epoch": "Late Pliocene–Pleistocene",
      "age": "Late Pliocene to Pleistocene",
      "introducedBy": "",
      "typeLocality": "Koh-i-Sultan (2,332 m), Chagai (Pak–Afghan border)",
      "coordinates": "29.1000, 62.8000",
      "lat": 29.1,
      "lng": 62.8,
      "thickness": "Variable (volcanic edifice)",
      "lithology": "Intercalated dacitic-andesitic lava flows and volcaniclastics.",
      "lithologyType": "volcanic",
      "environment": "volcanic-arc",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Chagai Hills",
      "fossils": "",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "Sulfur deposits, geothermal potential",
      "economicResources": "Metals & minerals",
      "overlies": "Pishi Group",
      "underlies": "Recent deposits",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 3
    },
    {
      "id": "nisai-limestone",
      "name": "Nisai Limestone",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/nisai-limestone",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Cenozoic",
      "period": "Paleogene",
      "epoch": "Cretaceous–Paleocene",
      "age": "Eocene to Oligocene (locally down to Paleocene)",
      "introducedBy": "HSC (1961); redefined Cheema et al. (1977)",
      "typeLocality": "Nisai, near Qila Saifullah",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "100-300 m",
      "lithology": "Black nummulitic limestone with conglomerate and subordinate clastics (includes the Nimargh, Wad, Wakabi and Wakai limestones of later workers).",
      "lithologyType": "limestone",
      "environment": "shallow marine, reef",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Chagai Hills; Zhob-Muslim Bagh",
      "fossils": "Miscellanea miscella; Other larger foraminifera; Algae",
      "synonyms": "Nisai Group; Black Nummulitic Limestone",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Humai Formation",
      "underlies": "Saindak Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 15
    },
    {
      "id": "rakhshani-formation",
      "name": "Rakhshani Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/rakhshani-formation",
      "rank": "formation",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Mesozoic",
      "period": "Cretaceous–Paleogene",
      "epoch": "Paleocene",
      "age": "Paleocene (Danian-Thanetian; ~65.2-56.0 Ma)",
      "introducedBy": "HSC (1961)",
      "typeLocality": "Rakhshani area, eastern Dalbandin valley (Chagai-Raskoh)",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "150-2400 m",
      "lithology": "Shale and sandstone with grey-black clayey limestone beds (lower); conglomerate, basaltic-andesitic lava flows, tuffs and volcanic agglomerates.",
      "lithologyType": "shale",
      "environment": "marine, volcanic-arc",
      "basin": "Balochistan Basin",
      "region": "Chagai-Raskoh Magmatic Arc",
      "provinces": "Chagai Hills",
      "fossils": "Alveolina vredenburgi; Flosculina globosa; Miscellanea miscella; Saudia labyrinthica",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "",
      "economicResources": "",
      "overlies": "Humai Formation",
      "underlies": "Saindak Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 5
    },
    {
      "id": "saindak-formation",
      "name": "Saindak Formation",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/saindak-formation",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Cenozoic",
      "period": "Paleogene",
      "epoch": "Eocene",
      "age": "Eocene (Ypresian-Priabonian; ~56-33.9 Ma)",
      "introducedBy": "HSC (1961)",
      "typeLocality": "Mirjawa synclinorium near Saindak, Chagai-Raskoh Magmatic Province",
      "coordinates": "29.2777, 61.5662",
      "lat": 29.2777,
      "lng": 61.5662,
      "thickness": "60-1500 m",
      "lithology": "Interbedded shale, sandstone, limestone and minor volcanic conglomerate; fossiliferous; local pure gypsum beds in red shale.",
      "lithologyType": "shale",
      "environment": "marine, volcanic-arc",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Chagai Hills",
      "fossils": "Assilina dandotica; Assilina exponens; Fasciolites oblonga; Linderina brugesi; Opertorbitolites douvillei; Echinolampas nummulitica; Velates perversus",
      "synonyms": "Washap Formation; Amalaf Formation (in part)",
      "economic": "A wall-rock unit of the Saindak porphyry copper–gold deposit; the surrounding Chagai magmatic arc hosts world-class porphyry Cu–Au–(Mo) systems including the giant Reko Diq deposit (~5.9 Gt at ~0.41% Cu plus gold) and the Saindak mine.",
      "economicResources": "Metals & minerals",
      "overlies": "Rakhshani Formation",
      "underlies": "Amlaf Volcanics",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 6
    },
    {
      "id": "sinjrani-volcanic-group",
      "name": "Sinjrani Volcanic Group",
      "url": "https://stratigraphy.pk/formation/sinjrani-volcanic-group",
      "rank": "",
      "status": "published",
      "era": "Mesozoic",
      "period": "Cretaceous",
      "epoch": "Late Cretaceous",
      "age": "Middle to Late Cretaceous (Aptian-Santonian)",
      "introducedBy": "HSC (1961)",
      "typeLocality": "Chagai (after the Sinjrani tribe)",
      "coordinates": "",
      "lat": null,
      "lng": null,
      "thickness": "900-1200 m",
      "lithology": "Agglomerate, volcanic conglomerate, tuff and basaltic-andesitic lava with subordinate shale, sandstone and limestone.",
      "lithologyType": "volcanic",
      "environment": "volcanic-arc, submarine",
      "basin": "",
      "region": "",
      "provinces": "Chagai Hills",
      "fossils": "Algae; Foraminifera; Corals (in limestone interbeds)",
      "synonyms": "",
      "economic": "One of the sedimentary/volcanic wall-rock units that host the Chagai porphyry copper deposits (Saindak, Reko Diq).",
      "economicResources": "Metals & minerals",
      "overlies": "Basement",
      "underlies": "Humai Formation",
      "lowerContact": "",
      "upperContact": "",
      "references": 4
    }
  ]
}